Conservatism ‘key words’ Essay

Authoritarianism – Strong authority imposed from above is necessary or desirable and therefore demands unquestioning obedience. ‘Harsh’ form of social control via the legal system and criminal policies.. Thatcher’s slogan ‘TINA’ is associated very much with authoritarianism. It translates into ‘There Is No Alternative’ – we must be harsh! New Right – An ideological trend within conservatism that embraces a blend of the laissez-faire economics and social authoritarianism. (Reagan + Thatcher) New Right conservatism is an amalgam of neo-liberalism and neo-conservatism. In this combination exist two counter ideologies which ultimately go hand-in-hand to make each other work; Classical liberalism and Traditional conservatism. Traditional conservatism is much about the community as a whole working together to create social cohesion. In Traditional conservatism the individual should work, be disciplined and have a sense of self-realisation. Authoritarian rules can cater for individualism by moulding a social matrix within which autonomous peoples can pursue their interests, and prosper accordingly. Classical liberalism referred to as ‘neo-liberalism’ is about the free market, allowing the individual to be free from state intervention in private family life such as spending. Privacy here gives the individual a motive – work hard, earn money, and spend it in any way within the legal boundaries. Anomie – A weakening of values and normative rules associated with the feelings of isolation, loneliness and meaninglessness. (Durkheim argument against negative freedom.) Organicism – Belief that society operates like an organism, whose parts work together. The organism is sustained by a fragile set of relationships between & amongst its parts. Organisms are shaped by ‘natural factors’. i.e the family was not invented by a social thinker but is a product of natural social impulses. Disraeli’s One Nation conservatism was very much framed by the Organic model†¦ For a body to function healthily all of its organs and limbs must correspond in a symbiotic relationship. Taking the latter formula into account and applying it to a human society we see that the paternalistic government has to carry out its duty of care known as noblesse oblige whilst the people pursue their legal obligations such as tax-paying and law-abiding. The Organic model gathers all individuals; irrespective of class, race, gender or sexuality, and places them into one whole – a nation. Hierarchy – A system of social positions or status Natural aristocracy – The idea that talent and leadership are innate/inbred qualities and can not be acquired through effort or self-advancement. (Burke supported this; â€Å"there must be leaders and there must be followers†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Authority – The power or right to exert influence (give orders, make decisions, enforce obedience). Conservatives authority develops naturally in society –> Parents have authority over their children. Thus –> Authority refers to the ability to exert influence over a people either by force or by legitimate procedures. In a self-determined nation-state authority is de jure, the people have accepted the body of authority and thus have accepted the policies imposed by such authority. However, in a failed society such as Mogadishu where there is no identifiable centre of authority, bodies of government operate by force, fear and de facto authority. –> So yes, the POWER (de facto) or RIGHT (de jure) to make decisions. Property – The ownership of physical goods or wealth. Burke used property as a metaphor for tradition. We should respect traditional institutions as we inherit them just as we inherit property. Property provides security –> something to ‘fall back on’. Those who own property are more likely to respect the property of others and be aware that property must be protected from disorder and lawlessness. (Property–>stake in society) Privatisation – Transfer of state assets to the private sector. Free market/laissez-faire approach. Reflects a contraction of state’s responsibilities. Populism – the political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite. (Perà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½n –> helping the ‘shirtless ones’) Paternalism – the attitude (of a person or a government) that subordinates should be controlled in a fatherly way for their own good. (Laws such as wearing a seatbelt. ‘Soft’ and ‘Hard’ paternalism) Neoliberalism – Liberal political views with an emphasis on economic growth. Free market as the ideal form of social organisation and as a means of solving all central political issues. (Friedman) Neoconservatism – A modern version of social conservatism that emphasises the need to restore order, and return to traditional values. One must observe the context within which Thatcherism developed. Thatcher came into office at a time when society had become permissive. Gay rights were being sought after, multiculturalism was on its highs, teenage pregnancies became modern fads, rebellion became the Rock’n’Roll attitude of the time –> society was loose. Thatcher thus decided that order must be restored. And she brought this restoration about by punitive laws and restrictions.

Eastern Religions Essay

As far as the studies of Eastern religions show, the founders and saints of the religions exemplify the central virtues of the community. There is no wonder that this feature characterizes the religions because there is always a thirst for perfection in every community and in every nation. In Indian culture, the main figures are Buddha, Yudhishtira and Arjuna. Buddha represents the virtue of giving up comfort for the highest good and following the Eightfold path (right speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, concentration, view and intentions). Yudhishtira represents the virtues of wisdom and justice. Yudhishtira lived for justice, and patiently suffered humiliation and exile. An important representative of Indian culture is Arjuna whose greatest virtues were morality, duty, the idea of karma yoga, acting with holy indifference. We can conclude that all the mentioned central figures reflect the main virtues in Indian culture because the virtues which are the most valued in Indian lecture have always been wisdom, justice, holy indifference. In Chinese culture central figures are Confucius and Lao Tzu. Confucius represents the virtue of goodness which includes an effective concern for well-being of others, rightness, loyalty, knowledge and trust. On the contrary, Lao Tzu completely disagrees with Confucius’ ethics and represents the ideals of primitive utopia without the corrupting accoutrements of civilization. Thus, Confucius’ ethics rather shows the ideals which are reflected in Chinese culture because high morals and values play an important role in their culture. In our opinion, it’s very important for religions to have a central figure of a perfect person because it gives people an idea that they have to be like him and they become kinder. The readings about the mentioned central figures in religions support my opinion that Eastern religions devote lots of attention to questions of high morals and this makes the nations virtuous.

Cases of AIDS in the Workplace

Aids is now the second leading cause of death among Americans between the ages of 25-44. More than 50% of the workforce is in this age group. 16% of large businesses have been impacted by the Aids epidemic, while 1 in 16 small businesses have been impacted by Aids. Severe stress (caused by work or home) may hasten the progression of the early stages of HIV. This is why the workplace should be prepared to deal with these types of situations. There are two organizations that deal with Aids in the workplace: The Business Responds to Aids and the Labor Responds to Aids Resource Services is centralized information and referral service that links callers from businesses and labor with resources designed to help them prepare to manage issues related to HIV/AIDS in the workplace. The service was developed in conjunction with workplace education experts and business and labor leaders. Aids-in-the-workplace specialists answer questions, distribute materials, make referrals, and identify resources for callers from small and large organizations throughout the country. They also provide assistance to help workplaces set up effective HIV/AIDS programs. A comprehensive program is made up of five components: 4) Education for Employee's Families 5) Community Service and Volunteerism Crimes of violence such as murder, rape and assault, stand at the core of any criminal code. All these crimes involve significant harm to others. The culpable transmission of the HIV virus to an â€Å"innocent† individual, or acts involving significant risk of such transmission, must be seen at least prima facie is at that core too. After all, to contract Aids is to suffer significant harm. Therefor, prevention of the culpable transmission of Aids to innocent individuals is prima facie, a proper concern of the criminal law. If we lived in a world in which everyone behaved in a morally responsible manner all the time then we could expect that the incidence of AIDS, in the advanced western nations at least, would soon begin to fall. Unfortunately, however, we do not live in such a world. Individuals cannot be relied upon to always act in a way that will minimize the risk of transmitting Aids to previously uninfected individuals.

Supreme court

Write a speech from your characters point of view about why they don't like the New Deal and what they think should happen instead. We, the Supreme Court are strongly opposed to the legislations of the New Deal; we can declare that we will do everything in our power to stop President Roosevelt and his New Deal. As you may be aware, we have currently found two of President Roosevelt laws unconstitutional.The National Industrial Recovery Act and the Agricultural Adjustment act but unfortunately by doing this we have angered President Roosevelt who is now a great threat to us. He sees us as a group of angry old republicans who have denied democracy by throwing out the laws that he was elected to pass. Unfortunately, he has recently taken the matter so far as to ask congress to give him the power to appoint 6 more Supreme Judges who dare I say would have been more democratic and more sympathetic towards the New Deal.Thankfully, the American people caused an national outcry strongly again st Roosevelt plans as they saw him as attacking the American system of government, The rumors that we have heard also suggest that even many of his close friends were strongly opposed to what he suggested and we are known pleased to say that yes, Roosevelt has realized that Hal plan to pack the court with his own allies does make him indeed appear to be a dictator and yes, he has backed down.He obviously knew that Congress would never approve. We, the Judges of the Supreme Court have been shaken by Roosevelt actions and we will definitely be less obstructive In the future, and will definitely be more cautious in the way we Interpret our duties, so It does appear to us that Roosevelt efforts haven't all gone to waste. Although I hardly doubt he'll be trying that again with us any time soon.

My Hometown Essay

Changing is inevitable part in our life. We daily see the evidences of changing anywhere. In fact, the changing is nature phenomenon. Also, sometimes the differences which have been resulted of changing can be wide and distinct, other times it can be unnoticeable. There is an ancient quote which says â€Å"if people have finished changing, they will finish,† this say implies the idea that the variability is a continuous process. My hometown varies a lot for the last ten years compared to when I was a child. The obvious changing has been occurred in people income rate, public services, and education. First, the annual income for each people has increased in the last several years many time than the past. Many available jobs opportunities are provided. Because there are many oil companies branches has been opened in my hometown, a lot of people involve in these companies and get sufficient salaries, while then, there were limited numbers of small stores which required few workers. Also, because people in the past used to work in farms and agricultural production, most of them spent a lot labor with merely money. Moreover, now days, the agricultural yield has significantly increased since the technology was adapted in production. Conversely, the production was so limited that people did not get enough food for their families because old methods of management and the harmful effects of pests were predominant in agricultural production. Moreover, by the time the companies are established in the city, many banks branches have been opened ,and individuals can acquire the benefits of banks services. For instance, they can easily get loans and financial support or invest their money. Whereas, in the past, may hometown did not have banks. Therefore, people used to go to another cities which had banks. Al in all, the financial abilities for people has changed a lot. Second, the public services which have been offered for people are immensely available in these days. To illustrate, there are many health centers and hospitals which are opened to take care of people. Conversely, my city had a small health center which was designed for limited population in the past. Some people who had serious disease did not find the suitable therapy or the first aids. Furthermore, right now, my city has a convenient transportation even though they do not have modern transitions such as subways and monorail. Many traffic highways are built and communicated with most of the other cities. On the other hand, the roads were inconvenient and most of them did not pave in past; therefore, people were obligated to walk in mud in winter. In addition, a big bridge is built on Tigris river which follows through the city and divides it into two parts in order to communicate both cities part, while the old woody bridge was unsafe and causes many accident in which many people were died. In addition, many parks, lots, and railroad are built to absorb the increasing in population. Finally, the developing in education is noticeable. For example, many education institutes are recently built such as primary, secondary, and high schools. A lot of students annually attend the schools, whereas, there were limited number of schools which was built in old design. Also, there is a big university has opened for 8 years. Therefore, the graduated high schools students can complete their academic study. Furthermore, not only government but also private schools are opened which have different specialists and fields. Thus, the students will have options when they choose their career; conversely, students used to travel to another cities in order to attend universities. In short, today, may hometown is different to what it was in the past in three important sectors finance, public facilities, and education sectors. Although no all changing presents positive results, it is still better than the last time. In my opinion my hometown will continue developing although that is might produce new challenges.

Muhannad †Arabia, in 600CE Essay

In Arabia, in 600CE, two large tribes called the Quaraish and the Hanifs inhabited a sacred city known as Makkah. The most important tribe in Makkah at this time were the Quaraish. The Quaraish consisted of merchants who had control over the Ka’bah (an ancient temple) and Makkah’s water supply. This tribe organised protection for the merchants who travelled through Makkah. The Quaraish made profit out of the traders who passed through Makkah and the provisions given to pilgrims who came there to see and worship the idols. The Hanifs were the other major tribe who inhabited Makkah. They consisted of moral tribesmen who despised the Quaraish’s selfishness and greed for money. This group of people were very holy and believed that there must only be one God. They believed that this one Supreme Power created everyone and everything and the worship of idols was an insult to him. They detested people’s devotion to icons of different Gods such as Al-Lat (the life-force). The Hanif’s were sacred people who prayed regularly and often sought solitude to worship God. They believed that this one God had sent prophets such as Moses to Earth to try and purify people’s hearts and bring them closer to God. MUHAMMAD’S EARLY LIFE Muhammad was grandson of Abd-al-Muttalib. Abd-al-Muttalib was a member of the Hanif’, and a man famous for his devotion to God and for his visions. His son, Abdullah, married a woman called Aminah, who was soon pregnant with his child when Abdullah suddenly died. The child that was born was named Muhammad. When Muhammad was born he was given to a Bedouin woman called Halimah as all Quaraish children at that time were. This was done so that children would be brought up away from the disease and impurities in the air in the city. At the age of six Muhammad was returned to Aminah who proceeded to die later that year. Luckily Muhammad’s devoted grandfather, Abd-al-Muttalib, took him in and cared for him until he died two years after that. Now Muhammad was passed onto his uncle, Abu Talib, who was a wealthy merchant. Living under the care of his uncle, Muhammad became a loyal and hard-working shepherd. LEGENDS Many legends have been created about Muhammad and his life. These legends were created to make Muhammad look greater and more powerful than he was. During his lifetime, Muhammad disapproved of all these myths about him and denied all of them. One of the legends about Muhammad was that he had his heart removed from his body by two angels. They then weighed his heart against other men but even with the whole community’s hearts weighed against his, his still weighed the most. Muhammad insisted that he did not and could not perform miracles; he was just a devoted follower of God. MUHAMMAD’S PERSONALITY Muhammad grew up to be a thoughtful young man who was kind and decisive. He continuously impressed the merchants that he worked with including Khadijah, a wealthy widow who employed Muhammad to supervise her caravan trade. When Muhammad was just 25 years old, Khadijah asked him to marry her; he accepted. Despite Khadijah being 15 years older than Muhammad, she became the love of his life until her death 25 years later. During her lifetime, Khadijah stood by Muhammad all the way and supported him in every possible means. When she died she left Muhammad with four daughters, Zainab, Ruqaiyyah, Umm Kulthum and Fatimah. Muhammad’s two sons, Qasim and Abdullah, unfortunately both died in infancy. Zaid ibn Haritha, the slave boy of the household, was devoted to Muhammad. When Zaid’s father found him after years of searching, he offered to buy him back. Muhammad left the choice of what to do up to Zaid himself, and he decided to stay with Muhammad. Muhammad was so touched by Zaid ibn Haritha’s decision to stay with him that Muhammad immediately released him and adopted him as his own son. Ali, son of Muhammad’s uncle, Abu Talib, was another child in the household. Muhammad chose to look after Ali when Abu Talib fell under hard times. THE NIGHT OF POWER In the year 610CE, Muhammad was once again meditating during Ramadan when an event happened which changed his life forever. Muhammad was 40 years old at the time and was praying alone in a cave on Mount Hira when he suddenly heard a voice calling his name and commanding him to proclaim or recite. Unfortunately Muhammad was illiterate and could not read the scroll of silk which he saw ahead of him. Suddenly the angel Jibril appeared to him. This was the same angel who had appeared to prophet Ibrahim and to Mary and Jesus in times past. Now Jibril was near to Muhammad and he ordered him to read the writing on the scroll. Muhammad told the angel that he could not read the writing for he was unlettered, but the angel ordered him again and again to read the scroll and Muhammad began to feel the tension building up within him. Suddenly he felt something seize him, it gripped him so tightly that he could not breathe and he thought he would die. But suddenly Muhammad knew in his heart what the words said, and he whispered them hoarsely: ‘Proclaim! In the name of your Lord and Sustainer who created Man from a clot of congealed blood, speak these words aloud! Your lord is the Most Generous One – He who has taught the Pen, Who reveals directly Things beyond human knowledge.’ Muhammad had been chosen as a messenger of God because he was a devout man who worshipped the Lord. After Muhammad received this message he had to wait 2 years until he received another. This was God’s way of testing Muhammad and seeing whether he would be tempted to tell everyone about what he had seen. When Muhammad reached home after his shocking revelation, he told his wife, Khadijah, about what had happened. She went to her wise 100-year-old cousin, Waraqa ibn Nufal, for advice and after he was quite sure that Muhammad’s story was truthful, Khadijah became the first person to believe the message Muhammad revealed. The second person to believe Muhammad’s story was Ali, the next was Zaid and the next person to believe him was his close friend Abu Bakr. Two years later, Muhammad was still fearful and anxious about what the message might mean, when the angel Jibril appeared to him again. The angel said to him: ‘O you wrapped – arise and warn! Glorify God! Make your garments pure! Give up all uncleanness. Give, without expecting any return. For the sake of your Lord, endure with patience!’ Now that Muhammad’s time of waiting was over, he could go out and tell everyone about the messages he was receiving. THE REVELATIONS Most of the messages that Muhammad received from God after the Night of Power came to him in visions. They all shared the following similarities: – Muhammad knew when they were about to happen. – Each revelation was attended by dramatic phenomena, such as shaking or trances. – Each one made the prophet feel close to death and that he was leaving his body and he might not re-enter it. – At the end of each revelation Muhammad would appear as usual again and he would repeat what he had been taught. Sometimes Muhammad would lose consciousness during his visions. Sometimes he would receive the message instantly and sometimes Jibril appeared to Muhammad in the form of a man to transmit messages (not in visions). ABU TALIB AND KHADIJAH When Muhammad was 50 years old his uncle Abu Talib died. Abu Talib had looked after Muhammad all his life and had stuck by him even when many hated him. Muhammad had always been very close to his uncle who had protected him when he was vulnerable and his death made him depressed and very unhappy. At the end of this saddening year his beloved wife Khadijah also died at the age of 64. Although Muhammad was deeply upset by their deaths, he accepted that everyone dies eventually and he tried to carry on preaching in God’s name. THE NIGHT JOURNEY It was probably during this traumatic experience that Muhammad had an experience which changed his life forever. The Night Journey (or Laylat-ul-Mi’raj) was not recorded very accurately in the Qur’an and it is therefore hard to know exactly what happened in this event. When the prophet was asleep in his home in Makkah he was awoken by the angel Jibril. Muhammad then went with Jibril to Jerusalem riding on some kind of a Pegasus called Lightning. From Jerusalem, Jibril took Muhammad through the seven heavens and was shown paradise and hell. On his way through the heavens, Muhammad met and spoke to other prophets such as Isa and Musa. With Musa, Muhammad decided and set the number of times a day a Muslim should pray to God. It was finally fixed at 5 times a day although Muhammad originally thought 50 times was a sufficient amount. Eventually the prophet Muhammad travelled on with Jibril to the highest heaven of all: the throne of God. When he arrived here, neither Muhammad nor the angel could approach any closer and he experienced a sensation which he never again felt or could describe properly. All he could see was pure light and he was aware only of great peace as time stilled and thoughts and feelings disappeared. The experience soon ended though and Muhammad had to once again travel to Earth. To Muhammad’s astonishment, when he got home, he found that everything had remained exactly as he had left it. The place he had previously lain was still warm and the cup he had knocked over was still emptying. This experience brought great confidence and strength to Muhammad and it encouraged him to carry on with the knowledge that God was always with him. Muslims believe that this night was one of great importance, as it showed them what the ascension to Heaven would be like. It showed them that the soul abandons the weak and dishonest nature of the human body and you travel to a place where only pure bliss is possible. MUHAMMAD’S DEATH In 632CE, Muhammad fell ill with a fever and violent headaches. He was only 63 but he became weak and tired. He asked his wives if he could be moved into his youngest wife, Aishah’s room. Even though he was feeble he still attempted to reach the praying place outside every day until his death. When he could not lead the prayers anymore, his good friend Abu Bakr took his place. On his last day on Earth, Muhammad, after leading the dawn prayer, lay in Aishah’s arm and said, â€Å"Lord grant me pardon. I have chosen the most exalted company, in paradise†; then he died. Muhammad was buried where he died, in Aishah’s room, and his tomb is still there even today. ISLAM The religion known as Islam was begun by Muhammad and it is still continued today. Since that day when Muhammad went on The Night Journey, Muslims have kept the number of times to pray each day at 5 times. All Muslims believe that God is responsible for every part of human life and he knows and sees all. Every Muslim tries to lead a peaceful life and pass the test set for all souls on Earth.

The Metamorphosis by Frank Kafka Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Metamorphosis by Frank Kafka - Essay Example In addition to this, there is one theme that makes up a major part of this story. In various part of the story, Kafka expresses his believe that Gregor's metamorphosis is a symbolic one rather than a physical one. By giving the story the title metamorphosis, the readers of this story are more likely to expect or believe that Gregor had turned into a real scary creature. However, Kafka expresses his view that Gregor's metamorphosis is a symbolic one rather than a physical one through various texts in the story, each of which explains the theme in various contexts. At the beginning of the story, Kafka explains how Gregor wakes up one day to find that he has turned into monstrous insect-like creature and this makes his family to run away from him (Kafka 539). The running away is an indication that the family was seeing a totally new and terrifying creature of what used to be one of them. This is also noted when Gregor examines himself and wonders what has happened of him. However, there is something about his transformation that makes Kafka to believe that it Gregor has not turned to a real vermin. Instead, he has become a vermin in psychological or moral sense. Kafka states that when Gregor realised he had changed, he does not seem to readily accept his new look. He fights with his new reality and how much it has incapacitated him and questions how such changes could occur. He does his best to get out of bed and go to work because he still has the will power to go. However, he could not manage and finally, he resorts to lying back hoping that taking some time and thinking clearly will resolve the situation (Kafka 540). The will power that Gregor displays is an indication that his transformation was not a physical one. ... The will power that Gregor displays is an indication that his transformation was not a physical one. He could not have really wanted to go and mix with normal human beings if he himself had turned into something strange. The transformations where therefore internal and Gregor was seeing the possibilities of him fighting to live amongst people and work despite the changes that have taken place in his life. He was also seeing he possibilities of being restored to his previous sound state. In other words, there was a possible intervention to it. No such interventions could be possible if Gregor had turned to a real terrifying creature. In another place, Gregor says, â€Å"How about going back to sleep for a few minutes and forgetting all this nonsense.† By terming the transformations as nonsense, Gregor was in essence indicating that he was he was experiencing some unhealthy changes in his thoughts. This is also supported by his decision to resolve to some clear thinking as a way out of this problem. For a normal human being, it does not sound realistic for one to wish away some physical changes that have taken place in one’s life because no amount of wishing can take them away. However, some psychological or moral disturbances or abnormalities can be resolved by taking time to rest, going through counseling, psychological therapy and other forms of rehabilitations. When Gregor’s situation grew worse, he became unbearable to his family and some of them even saw him as a threat to them. For example, his father throws some apples on him when he met him outside. This is the monster in him that Kafka implies and is an indication that the changes in his thoughts had now made him wild or too absurd in his behaviors. These are characteristics of persons suffering

Introduction to Organisations and Management Essay - 2

Introduction to Organisations and Management - Essay Example By comparing the two companies we will try to learn how these challenges can be solved. The difference in the management style of both the companies will also be discussed under the light of relevant theories of management and business. Watsons Engine Components and H&M Consulting are the two companies that will be discussed in the report. Watsons Engine Components is a manufacturing company of parts for car engines. It is a family owned business and is in a lot of trouble because of the increased competition in the industry. The human resource management issues are also staring the company right in the face. On the other hand, H & M Consulting is a consultancy company and has made massive inroads in many engineering and management sectors all over the world. Since its inception in 1989, it has grown into a large organization with a global presence. The company is doing very well and has a friendly culture which in turns yields good profits for the company. The differences between th ese two companies will be highlighted in the report. Organizational Design and Structure The first area of difference between the two organizations is the organizational structure. Structure in companies is very important because all communication is done within the organization according to its structure. The lower levels of employees communicate their demands and insights on the business through the structure. This is why the importance of organizational design in great. A major chunk of the problem of Watsons Engine Components lies in its organizational structure. The structure of the company is hierarchal and old fashioned. In a hierarchal structure, the flow of information is very slow. The communication gap in the company is very evident from the highly unionized employee base. When the voices of employees are not heard they feel compelled to make such forums where voices are raised. It is actually an individual need, to raise his or her voice about the work he or she is doing and in absence of proper communication channels unions are formed. Cross-functional integration is very important in environments where demand is unpredictable (Germain, Claycomb, & Droge, 2007). This integration is also lacking in Watsons Engine Components. The company is not interested in training employees so that they can work in different areas. The employees are not even motivated themselves to work hard because of the structural issues with the company. Employees working at the lowest level have great ideas about improvement of a product but these ideas are not heard because of the vertical structure of the organization. Workers find it difficult to communicate their ideas to the top management. The business activity of Watsons Engine Components requires a structure that is flexible. The company produces complex products that are engine parts. Innovation is actually required when manufacturing complex products and design structure is very important when developing complex pr oducts (Danilovic & Browning, 2007). This is because innovation will only take place when ideas from employees are listened to and implemented. In a business of manufacturing, the company should have a decentralized structure and a small company like Watsons Engine Components should have an open door policy. H & M Consulting, on the other hand, has a much-decentralized structure and this is the reason for their success.

Intercultural Communication optional Paper Essay

Intercultural Communication optional Paper - Essay Example Among theories of self and society is the high context vs. low context societal communication. Characteristics of communicative environment include cultural, socio-relational, physical, and perceptional environments. In this aspect cultural contexts entails features such as individualism and collectivism while physical aspect entails the geographical situation of interactions such s school, staffroom or at a dinner table. The extent to which communications and interaction depends on these features vary according to culture. In this aspect, a high context communication refers to the one that a lot of information either is in the physical or is within a self. Very little message in this perspective is coded. A low context communication on the other hand is the one that is explicitly coded. A cultural continuum helps in conceptualization of low-high context communication in which case there is no culture that appears exclusively to the extreme ends of the continuum. High cultures tends to have restricted communication code system such that users of a restricted code system rely most on the elements that pertains to context of communication setting for information as compared to the actual language code (Richard, 24). In high context cultures, since the parties understand each other, the words mostly do not necessarily convey meaning. People communicating in high context culture recognize that information from various elements of high context culture already exists and must not be codified further. Hence high context communication is fast, efficient, proficient and gratifies. In the low context culture, the verbal code is the primary source (Ian, 2). Thus people rely largely on the verbal code method to create an interpret meaning. The concept of face, the interactional self- image that a person displays which closely relates to the discursive images. Face refers to one’s image in a relational

Facilities Operations and Management Assignment

Facilities Operations and Management - Assignment Example The researcher states that through the exploration of the responsibilities of the facility’s manager, the reader will be presented with a practical understanding to the myriad of responsibilities and the activities that are covered in the management of restaurant chains. Through the exploration of the responsibilities of the manager of the facility, more light will also be shed to the issues, concerns and the practical aspects of the manager, in supporting the business, towards making it profitable and improving its profitability. Through the review of the four main areas identified, the paper will point out the management best practices employed by a facility in the hotel and hospitality industry, aimed at creating a sustainable competitive advantage. The main importance of managing a facility effectively is that it enables it to keep its best employees and to satisfy its customers; the two groups are the most important stakeholders in a business. The first major role of a fa cility’s manager in a hotel is that of acting as the standard bearer for the hotel business. The roles covered under this area of responsibility include communication, promotion, facilitating performance and maintaining the different aspects of the staffs of the facility. This area of responsibility requires the (facility) hotel manager to practice management by objectives, where he/ she employ a performance appraisal system characterized by a variety of traits. The first trait is that of taking the actions and completing the documents that help to evaluate the performance of staffs, with the aim of improving it, reducing the challenges they face and improving their satisfaction within the workplace.

Is the Disneyised M&M's World better than M&M's typical McDonaldized Research Paper

Is the Disneyised M&M's World better than M&M's typical McDonaldized selling place - Research Paper Example There are two varying approaches that have prompted the development of the two theories of McDonaldization and Disneyification. If M&Ms World adopts a McDonaldized space branding, then it stands to benefit massively from the great features exposed by the theory. Both Disney and McDonalds have distinct space where people, interact and experience life by consideration of the exterior and interior. McDonalds have a welcoming big letter â€Å"M† that creates a nostalgic remembrance day after viewing it. The color yellow is very lively and attractive. The letter can be seen very miles away. The distinctive creates a lovable exterior characterization for McDonalds. Many McDonald’s outlets have adopted the use of cartoons resembling who are in joyful modes. Many people are most likely to be attracted by jovial pictures of the cartoon. The cartoon is normally adorned in merrymaking in fanciful attires. Most commonly are red muffin, red, white stripped long –sleeve T-shirt and a yellow overall. The exterior design of the most McDonalds outlets is very attractive, in essence. McDonaldized M&Ms World building or space design is likely to resemble the emblematic McDonald design. McDonalds interior has excellent lighting system with trademark design letter ‘†M† inside their building. Most of them are characteristic in nature reveling esthetic and adorable artwork. McDonalds has great architecture and space design exposing welcoming features to the clients. The great number of clients visiting its outlets indicates the extents of comfort and love they have for the space design done by them. Another notable factor about the McDonalds outlets is the spacious regions left for the clients in the facilitation of free movement of the clients. They also have excellent use of light paint colors that pro perly motivate clients since they are very attractive. On contrary, Disneyification of M&Ms World means adoption

Why you are interested in becoming a Doctor of Podiatric Medicine Essay

Why you are interested in becoming a Doctor of Podiatric Medicine. Provide information about your development for a career in Podiatric Medicine - Essay Example I have always gravitated more towards the field of medicine since that time when I first joined the global medicine masters program at USC. This is because of a very terrifying experience which I had to deal with for quite a long time in my childhood. This experience involves my brother with whom I have always been very emotionally attached. He suffered a leg injury when I was quite young and seeing him writing in pain casted a deep influence on me. I am very sorry that my brother could not have a really talented paediatrician who would have helped him walk better. I have personally witnessed how not being able to walk perfectly can interfere with a good life which every human being wants. I have also constantly lived with the idea of how big an influence a paediatrician can cast on an adolescent’s life and this idea has never once ceased to amaze me. Seeing my brother’s pain emphasized that intensity even more with which I began to idealize the career of paediatric medicine. I want to become a professional paediatrician because I am exactly aware of the potential of such professionals to bring a critically positive change in the lives of suffering

Evaluate a research source Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evaluate a research source - Essay Example The authors are remarkable in terms of credibility. Robert Jimenez is a university lecturer who is engaged in the development of English instruction and Brian Rose is a doctoral aspirant who focuses on the effective teaching strategies for English learners (Jimenez & Rose 407). Their article claims that it is vital to include relationship building directly on the program of teacher education. Teaching is very important, and one may argue that it is exactly those teachers who are effective instructors who create the most meaningful and productive relationships with their pupils. Nevertheless, the authors claim that building meaningful relationships is a part of teaching that is largely ignored in almost all agendas of teacher education. Without a doubt, there seems to be a great deal of benefit in endowing pre-service educators with the instruments and know-how they require to form a relationship with their students at a more profound and useful ways. As mentioned in the article, â€Å"manifestations of care are probably more important in children’s lives than any particular curriculum or pattern of pedagogy† (Jimenez & Rose 405). However, the authors stress that teaching and programming can and must be imbued with sympathy, compassion, or con cern in mind. The connection between consideration or sympathy and instruction becomes more pronounced in English teaching and learning. The authors claim that with mainstream learners, the capacity to create meaningful, healthy, and productive relations is usually ignored because communication difficulties are not that many or serious, behaviors are not misconstrued as frequently, and instructions can draw upon their personal experiences to build deeper relationships with their pupils. Basically, meaningful relationships cannot be ignored or seen as marginal or secondary when catering to English learners. The authors provide appropriate and relevant evidence to substantiate their

Strategy and Position Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategy and Position Paper - Essay Example Lagree fitness plan is an innovation that focuses on attaining optimum physical fitness through the use of technological inventions. Participants of the physical fitness plan are taken through a series of work out practices that enhance five major functionalities of their body. After going through the fitness plan, participants are guaranteed of efficient and highly functional respiratory system of their body as well as proper blood circulation all over the body. Participants are also able to acquire strength of their muscles and endurance. These exercises also shape the body and give it proper tone through loss of fat and growth of muscles. The technology used while exercising on the other hand ensures that the muscles are well stimulated by the exercises to attain maximum flexibility (Lagreefitness.com, 2015). Lagree fitness uses innovative and new technology that sets it apart from other fitness plans. The training is conducted by young motivated instructors like the staff of Brooklyn Bodyburn and has various packages like group plans which make it interactive (Brooklyn Bodyburn, 2015). The use of new patented technology in Lagree fitness plan makes it inaccessible to the general population, thus limiting the growth potential of the new innovation. All new companies that want to employ Lagree fitness plan must be trained and satisfied by Lagree, limiting its coverage. The existing opportunity for Lagree is the many gaps in the innovation of new technology supporting body fitness. If well advertised and marketed, there is sufficient potential for growth of the company and its products. The release of the documentary dubbed future of fitness by Lagree will showcase the new innovations to a wider range of clients. With frequent improvements and innovations, Lagree faces the most threat from new entrants in the body fitness industry. These new entrants may come up with more improved

Prime Minister Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Prime Minister - Essay Example UK Prime Minister could be termed as 'dude with all the power' once he is elected2. Today, most of the constitutional monarchies are prime ministerial by nature and structure. It is alleged that the Prime Minister's office does not have much legal roots, but is open to speculation and calculation of historians and political scientists3. In recent years, perhaps the most accused Prime Minister as a dictator is Margaret Thatcher4. Not having properly written powers has not prevented the Prime Minister's office from being in control of most of the situations5. The nature of the Prime Minister's work is all-pervasive. He is the national leader, chief policy maker, Parliament leader, leader of the ruling party and the most powerful point in whole of United Kingdom and all information and power are at his disposal6. UK Prime Ministers are also charged of sometimes behaving like the United States President. The Prime Minister, even though appointed by the British Monarch, is bound by the constitutional convention and if happens to lose the majority in House of Commons, is bound to resign or request for a general election. To some extent, Prime Minister's office is still a de facto shade in it; it is governed more by custom than by the law of the land. British Monarch is bound by Prime Minister's advice and this gives the Prime Minister a more powerful position. He also can use certain royal prerogatives directly7. Even though Prime Ministers are never prevented from running the country in their own individual syle, the fact remains that the his position remains ambiguous as he is not empowered by any statutory authority, other than his position, usually, as the First Lord of the Treasury, which grants him his salary and the public accommodation. The office of the Prime Minister is more conventional than that of a rightful position from the Constitution. But during times of emergency, the office attains greater significance as demanded by the circumstances8. As the Prime Minister is entitled to 'create a Cabinet', a corrupt Prime Minister can take advantage of this situation and fill the posts with his own people, who would blindly support him under all circumstances. As the Monarch's Royal Prerogative is applied by Prime Minister's advice, he could give the monarch feedbacks and suggestions, which would eventually serve his purpose and misguide the Sovereign in matters of country and law. The 'face' of the Royal power, the Cabinet can be bought by the Prime Minister and the whole set of officials, cabinet ministers, and even the members of the Ruling Party could be in his favour, if he bribes and favours them. He has power over Privy Counsellors, Ambassadors, Civil Servants, High Commissioners, army, military officers, judges, Bishops and Archbishops of the Church of England. Almost all these posts are filled up with the Prime Minister's advice to the Sovereign and a corrupt Prime Minister can bring his own people, with the ultimate goa l of becoming a dictator. Even the peerages,

How does Kuwait follow the stages of Edmund Burke's Theory of Modern Essay

How does Kuwait follow the stages of Edmund Burke's Theory of Modern Revolutions - Essay Example Edmund Burke’s theory of modern revolution relates with the Socratic dialogue known as â€Å"The Republic,† which was written by Plato who was a renowned Ancient Greek Philosopher who made significant contributions towards intellectual and historical works of political theory and philosophy. In the Socratic dialogue, Plato argued that there are five forms of government and that there is a consistent metamorphosis that occurs on governments as years goes by. Plato’s Socratic dialogue substantiates the Edmund’s theory on the fact that Plato argue that a government normally transform to an oligarchy form of government, which is made up of people who love money and therefore corrupt. This form of government normally attracts many critics who then plot to overthrow the government and fight off those who support the government in order to restore democracy within the country (Santas, 45-47). Plato argued that after freedom has been achieved through the overthrow of an oligarchy government, there would be need to regulate the extent of freedom by instituting stringent regulations that will prevent another uprising and this will lead to fall of democracy and rebirth of dictatorship. Sheldon stated that the chronological evolution of different forms of government as stipulated by Plato resembles the stages of modern revolution that were presented by Edmund (89-101). Moreover, Lynch stated that the theories presented by Edmund and Plato best explains the Arab uprisings and in particular the 2011 to 2013 Kuwait revolution (243-245). According to Lynch, the roots of the Kuwait protests can be traced back to early 2011 when the Emri of Kuwait gave out $3,580 and free food grant for one year to Kuwait citizens as part of celebrations to mark 50 years of independence and 20 years since the liberation of the country from Iraqi forces. However, what caused the protest was the fact that the Emir of Kuwait

Environment and Climate Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Environment and Climate Change - Essay Example This programme will focus on all the issues related to the environmental concerns such as resource management, energy conservation, pollution etc. The complete duration of the programme will be five years i.e. from 2011 to 2015. The activities involved in this programme will be divided into different phases. Each phase will be followed after a period of six months from the preceding phase. This phase will start from January 2011 and the first six months will be directed towards the awareness as well as the implementation of the activity. In this phase, the management will encourage the use of recycle bins throughout the university. It can be possible by placing more and more recycle bins around the campus as it will help reduce and recycle the organic waste. It will also create a habit of recycling the wastes in the minds of the individuals. This phase will introduce the ‘green transport’ idea with the collaboration of the transport companies and will be introduced by July 2011. The idea is to discourage the use of private cars and single occupancy car journeys. It encourages walking, cycling and the use of public transport for travelling purposes. This can be done by offering cheaper bus rates to the students as well as the faculty and other staff members. The third phase will begin from January 2012. In this phase, the university will support the students in bringing their own cutlery for tea/ coffee etc. This will help in reducing the number of disposable cups available in the canteen as well as in minimizing the costs involved in the purchase of the disposable items. This phase will start from July 2012. In the fourth phase, the individuals will be asked to bring their own reusable bags for shopping and other purposes to promote an eco-friendly environment. It will not only save a large amount of money used for

Revolutionary Visions of St. John De Crevecoeur, Thomas Paine, and Essay

Revolutionary Visions of St. John De Crevecoeur, Thomas Paine, and Thomas Jefferson - Essay Example This paper stresses that he was the first European to develop a considered view of the new American character and the first to exploit the â€Å"melting pot† image of America. He portrayed how different people in America came together as one and tolerated one another despite their differences in cultures and religions. He also helped in defining â€Å"who is an American?† a question that was bringing a lot of controversies. In one of the passages of What is an American, he asks: â€Å"What then is the American, this new man? He is either a European, or the descendant of a European, hence that strange mixture of blood, which you will find in no other country†. He could point out to you a family whose grandfather was an Englishman, whose wife was Dutch, whose son married a French woman, and whose present four sons have now four wives of different nations....Here individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men, whose labors and posterity will one day ca use changes in the world. He defined an American as any person leaves all his ancient manners and prejudices behind him and receives new ones from the new ways of life he or she has embraced. Basically, according to him an American is a person who is dedicated, open minded to the changing ideas of the times and willing to work hard to develop the newly created country, America. Thomas Paine has been deemed as the most controversial leader of the American Revolution.

Abnormal Psychology and Therapy Essay Example for Free

Abnormal Psychology and Therapy Essay Teresa Neal Abnormal Psychology and Therapy Paper In a world where nothing seems to be considered normal anymore, psychology tries to draw the line between what it is and what is not. The different schools of thought have their own perspective on the definition, origin, and treatment of abnormal behavior and this paper will cover a few, trying to make it possible to have a clear difference between normal and abnormal psychology. Normal and Abnormal Psychology Specifically defining behavior as normal or abnormal is a contentious issue in abnormal psychology. To try to distinguish between normal psychology and abnormal psychology, psychologists use three criteria; whatever is infrequent, maladaptive, and deviant from the cultural norm, falls under the category of abnormal behavior (Spoor, 1999). Mental health, also known as normal psychology, and mental illnesses and disorders, also known as abnormal psychology, have been defined in many ways, but should always be viewed in the context of ethnocultural factors and influence because what is considered normal in some environments may be considered abnormal in others. A person with a normal behavior and mental processes has the ability to adapt and cope with adversity, has a correct perception of reality, accepts self, avoids harm, and experiences continual psychological growth and development (Kowalski Westen, 2009). Abnormal psychology, on the other hand, is characterized by unusual patterns that some people might show in their behavior, thought process, and expression of emotion, patterns that are associated with distress or disability and can cause harm and an unreasonable response to a particular situation. Mental Disorders Daily functions such as the ability to think, read, remember, plan, and understand rely on an individuals cognitive skills (Medalia Revheim, 2002). Cognitive disorders are disorders of thinking or memory that signify an evident change from the personal former level of functioning. In certain situations the exact origin of the disorder can be identified, other cases the cause is unclear. Even though these disorders are biologically founded, the environment and psychological factors play significant roles in shaping the effect and extent of disabling symptoms in addition to the personal capacity to deal with them. (Nevid, et a. 2008). The most common cognitive disorders are amnestic, delirium, and dementia disorders. Amnestic disorders are a cognitive impairment relating a failure to develop new memories and the failure to remember old memories. Delirium is a severe, and reversible state of mental disorder, which involves confusion, and the lack of ability to focus on information or the surrounding environment. Individuals that suffer from delirium may suffer frightening hallucinations, particularly visual hallucinations. The loss of memory and understanding usually associated with behavior and personality changes describes dementia disorders. Different forms of dementia exist, depending on the cause; therefore; some types of dementia may be reversed with treatment. For example; those cases that are caused by brain tumors. Dementia caused by the disease Alzheimer’s cannot be reversed (Nevid, et al. 2008). On a personal note; these patients are difficult, they have to watch be continually as they can do harm to themselves and others. Mental Illnesses Although diagnoses of ADHD are based on behavioral symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity, evidence suggests that children with ADHD also show important cognitive weaknesses in areas that are necessary to daily functioning at home work and school. Particularly research studies indicate that children with ADHD often have problems in; Executive functions (for example, planning a project, keeping attentive to a task, ignoring irrelevant information) Working memory (which is often considered an executive function) speed of information processing (children with ADHD process information more slowly than their peers) Many of these cognitive processes are often interrelated. For example problems in working memory can negatively affect other executive functions, or slow processing speed may lower an individual’s ability to recall and organize information. ttp://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/15499890 From the cognitive perspective, theorists suggest that a person diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorders suffer from impaired information-processing. The impairment is present in defined categories and boundaries that are maladaptive and result in an over-structuring of input but there is no evidence to show that this is the c ause, rather than a consequence of OCD symptoms. Another cognitive theory suggests that OCD fear structures are especially various and a large number of stimuli can become associated with threat or danger. Passive avoidance of such a large number of stimulus associations can be extremely difficult and compulsions become necessary for the individual to feel safe. Although cognitive theories do provide insight into the outward aspect of OCD, they fail to clearly define how and why OCD and this cognitive impairment can arise. Similarities between the Schools of Thought There are quite a few similarities between the different schools of thought in treating mental disorders. All but the Psychodynamic therapies are short term usually lasting a year or less and most all therapies have the client or patient facing the therapist and are conversational. All therapies also look to help the client or patient change behaviors or thought patterns that are causing problems of one kind or another. Cognitive-Behavioral therapies help patients with behavior and cognitive problems. The therapist helps the patient focus on the problematic behavior and helps him or her find ways in which to address these behaviors and learn skills to change them. These therapies use a variety of techniques to help patients with phobias, social skills, accomplishing goals, anxiety disorders, and the like. Psychodynamic therapies both examine the patient’s thought patterns to get to the bottom of the undesired behavior or emotional responses. Humanistic therapies including Gestalt and Client-Centered therapies focus on the patient’s feelings and to experience themselves as they really are. Family, Marital, and Group therapies use group communication either one- on-one or in a group to help with problematic relationships and behaviors. Self-help groups are another type of group therapy that aims to help people either cope with undesired behavior, loss of a loved one, addictions, and disease. [ (Kowalski, 2009) ] The common thread here with most therapies, the approach is a warm relationship with the therapist who shows empathy for the patient or client and giving him or her hope or efficacy in coping with their problem [ (Kowalski, 2009) ] Differences between the Schools of Thought While each school of thought has common factors in treatment methods, each school has developed different ways of addressing psychological problem. For instance, Psychodynamic therapies rely on two principles: the role of insight and the role of the therapist-patient relationship (Kowalski Western, 2009). It is believed that in order for therapeutic change to occur, a person must understand his or her own psychological processes. When in therapy it is one on one; the patient is either face to face with the therapist or lying on a couch with the therapist sitting behind them. Psychodynamic therapy emphasizes the notion that the patients problems stemmed from childhood. These problems follow the child into adulthood causing a conflict within new relationships. This transfer of emotion from past experiences is called transference, one of the techniques psychotherapies rely on. The two main treatments, psychoanalysis and psychodynamic psychotherapy, are a long term process that focuses on developing awareness of these unconscious feelings. Psychodynamic therapy, like psychoanalysis, consists of three days a week over a long period of time. It is considered that patients who meet at least twice weekly benefit more than those who do not. Unlike psychodynamic therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy focuses on the person’s life as it is now; the current and conscious thought patterns and behavior. They are not concerned with exploring and altering underlying personality patterns or unconscious processes (Kowalski Western,  2009). The focus is on the present feelings and not the childhood experiences. Cognitive-based therapies are relatively short term and direct. Specific recommendations are made to bring about change in behavior. The sessions are well structured with questioning, and the patient usually is sent home with an assignment (Mote, 2011). While most cognitive behavioral techniques try to alter behavior, such as classical conditioning, cognitive therapy focuses on changing dysfunctional cognitions (Kowalski Western, 2009). These behaviors are automatic, and not unconscious. Therapy is a process of identifying and altering these automatic thoughts. Cognitive therapy techniques such as rational-emotional behavior therapy recognize the behaviors and works to mediate between the activating conditions and the emotional reactions. As each of the other therapies are more therapist-patient, Humanistic therapies focus on the world of the patient and qualities that make him or her unique (Mote, 2011). The therapy techniques that are used, Gestalt therapy and Roger’s client centered therapy, are primarily based on becoming aware of one’s own emotions, values, and motivations to bring about change. With group therapy, the individuals are concentrated on the individual dynamics and their reactions in the group process. Family therapy is centered on the structure of the family, and the main roots of conflict in family interaction.

The stories we have studied Essay Example for Free

The stories we have studied Essay In the Blue Carbuncle Watson is again narrating the story. We see Holmes persuasive techniques and how he also doesnt reveal too much to Henry Baker. Its quite certain that he knows nothing whatever about the matter, we also see his persuasive techniques when he convinces the goose seller to show him the records. But Ill have a sovereign on with you, just to teach you not to be obstinate. Holmes here appeals to the sellers greedy side, as soon as money is mentioned he shows him the records. The Musgrave Ritual is narrated originally by Watson but Holmes tells the story of the Musgrave ritual. The butler makes quite and interesting criminal because he can speak a few other languages so he is a bit cleverer than an average butler. He has started deciphering the Musgrave ritual and when he is caught in Musgraves desk he pleads with Musgrave, Only a week, sir. He cried in a despairing voice The way he talks tells us that he is close to discovering the secret and that he only needs one more week. Towards the end of the story, Musgrave says What is it then? He gasped in astonishment, he says this because Holmes is about to tell him that he has found the ancient crown of the king of England. Throughout Doyles stories involving Sherlock Holmes he gives us insights into the view of Victorian England at the time. In the Speckled Band we see that there are lots of manors littered around the countryside and we also see that because people are rich they believe that they are above the law. We also see the want for money, and we see how far Dr Roylott was going to go to get it. The Man with the Twisted Lip shows us the poorer part of Victorian England; it shows Mrs Neville St Clair travelling up Upper Swandam Lane which is a typical poor place in London. We also learn that most of the races that have come to England have poor jobs, like we see Lascar-who is a black, running the opium den. The Blue carbuncle shows us that Geese were a familiar Christmas food (Turkeys came later). It gives us an insight into how geese were either town bred or country bred. Mrs Oakshott breeds geese in her backyard as a means of income and this shows Victorian women being enterprising. The Musgrave ritual shows us that they have Butlers and maids who lived and worked in estates for the rich. We also gain a further insight into the amount on manors and estates in Victorian England. Doyle uses two main characters within his Sherlock Holmes stories: Watson and Holmes. Both of these characters contrast vastly and I think that this contrast works well together in delivering the reader/audience with entertainment. Throughout the stories I have read Watson is often the funny character whereas Holmes is the one who solves the cases and has interesting habits. We see this within the Blue Carbuncle when Watson and Holmes are examining Henry Bakers hat. My dear Holmes! Watson said this when Holmes revealed all his knowledge that he could extract from Henry Bakers hat. This creates humour and acts as a contrast to Holmes more professional mood. In Conclusion I think that the Sherlock Holmes stories retain our interest today and remain so popular because of the contrasting characters of Watson and Holmes. Another reason is how Doyle varies the structure of the stories and how he makes the reader guess what has happened. Doyle also uses words like ejaculated to describe Holmes speech and this would appeal to people today as well as people in Victorian England.

External Threats That Face Coca Cola Commerce Essay

External Threats That Face Coca Cola Commerce Essay The report provides a detailed analysis of the external environmental threats of coca cola as well as how it monitors its environment to deter all the possible threats that may exist /arise there from, to enable it maintain a competitive position over its key competitors in the persistent shrinking business world with its attendant intense and unbridled competition. This report, in a bid to review of the current monitoring system of coca-cola, will take a problem/solution approach. This approach will help find out threatening environmental factors that affect decision making, and strategy formulation and the actualisation of the strategic intent of the coca-cola, such as economic regulations, tax changes, new laws, trade barriers, demographic change, and government policy changes among others. Books, articles, journals and periodicals were reviewed, internet sources were also visited, to elicit information. The major threat identified were more of environmental, arising majorly from its sludge which was alleged to contain a high level of toxic chemicals, including cadmium and lead, both of which can be harmful to human and plants. The case of coca-cola plant in Perumatti in the southern state of Kerala in India was used as a case study. Amidst these threats, key areas of opportunities for coca-cola were also identified. An epitome of this is its partnership with International Olympic Committee ( IOC) since 1928 and its recent renewal till 2020, covering a 12 -year pact from the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games through the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Winter Games, the London 2012 Olympic Games, the Sochi 2014 Olympic. (http://www2.coca-cola.com/ ) Considering the level of uncertainty and changing circumstances in the international business arena, especially in the face of the looming economic down-turn, the report, proffered the following recommendations: The use of environmental impact assessment , both before building a plant and afterwards. development of daily/weekly/monthly reports which will keep it abreast of whats new and significant in the market especially at the street level. the use of scenario planning which will constantly keep the company informed about what is happening in its marketplace as well as the gap between where they are, and where they intend to be. The use of bench marking, to be able to find out the gap between what they are doing and those of their competitors. development of essential competitor information which includes statements on strategy, new product development, marketing initiatives and key appointments and expansion plans and capacity variations. development of spot pattern/ trends that will be able to identify weak signal and thus keep ahead of its competitors. INTRODUCTION Not only is coca cola the worlds largest beverage company, but in 200 nations ( with consumers enjoying an average of 1.6 billion servings a day), sells about 500 sparkling brands, including 4 of the top sellers (coca- cola, diet coke, sprite and fanta), sparkling beverages, juices, and ready to drink teas among others. (http://www2.coca-cola.com/ ) Established: 1886 with its official headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia Company Associates: 92,400 worldwide (as of December 31, 2008) New York Stock Exchange Ticker Symbol: KO Supporting Communities In 2007, The Coca-Cola Company and The Coca-Cola Foundation made charitable Contributions of $99 million to community initiatives worldwide. . (http://www2.coca-cola.com/ ) 2008 Financial Highlights: Our portfolio includes 13 billion dollar brands. Unit case volume grew 5% to 23.7 billion unit cases worldwide. Net operating revenues grew 11% to $31.9 billion. More than 70% of our net operating revenues and more than 75% of our unit case volume were generated outside of North America. (http://www2.coca-cola.com/ ) With reference to SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis and Porters five competitive strategy, I am analysing the precarious regulations, tax laws, trade restrictions, tariff, demographic changes ,in the business environment of coca-cola and a review of the current monitoring system of the external environment as well as proffering a recommendation, with regards to what coke could do better, to maintain and its competitive rim over its competitors. THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT OF COCA-COLA USING SWOT ANALYSIS ITS STRENGHTS At the heart of strategic planning, is environmental scanning ; a process of studying the environment of the organization to pinpoint opportunities and threats(Mathis, R.L, and Jackson,J.H:47). To analyse coca-colas environment, i am going to use SWOT and PESTLE analysis tools as well as the Michael porters five of competitive strategy. This is so because, it is the developments in the macro business environment , relating to political, social, technological, etc that automatically create opportunities or threats and in turn, impact on the strategic development of coca-cola which may either bring success or mar its strategic intent. For coca-cola, matchless opportunities abounds, which cannot be delinked from its strengths in innovation and product line expansion aggressive advertisement and promotions. According to Morrison, J.(2006:130-1) coca- colas strength has been in the carbonated soft drinks market, served by its flagship brand, coke, and promoted by global advertising campaigns. This has helped it build a strong brand recognition and brand loyalty, which is created by sets of positive associations that links the collector to the brand, thus building a relationship of trust, likability and loyalty(Jones, J.P 1999:263).Coca-cola has built around all its brand some personality characteristics(ibid:253) which is not only unique but timeless. Coca-colas brand name is well known throughout 90% of the world today. Also of strength is the multi-local strategy which is in keeping with the companys changing markets. Through this, local managers are enabled to devise their own marketing strategies and choose the products from the cokes portfolio that are best suited to local tastes. Morrison, J.(2006:132) Its implication is that every community of consumers is recognized and carried along, and this goes a long way to make them more loyal to coca-cola amidst other producers of similar product. Another unequalled opportunity that coca -cola has is the long lasting historic bond with International Olympic Committee (IOC: (the organizers of the Games of each Olympiad, and approximately 200 National Olympic Committees around the world)) since 1928 and its recent renewal of this historic bond, through 2020 to cover the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games through the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Winter Games, the London 2012 Olympic Games, the Sochi 2014 Olympic. (http://www2.coca-cola.com/ ) salt lake 2002 www.thecoca-colacompany.com The Coca-Cola Company is proud to be the longest continuous corporate partner of the Olympic Games WEAKNESSES: Amidst coca-colas reputation of innovation, and recent product line expansion, it is riddled with some weakness factors that pose some threats that can be detrimental to the organization if unchecked, such as; lack of continuity of workforce, negative publicity and communication among others. Negative publicity: Cokes flagship product; coca-cola classics is known to contain high levels of sugar and caffeine, contributing. In the recent times, this is causing uproar on the increasing health conscious world. Communication gap: Due to the complex size of the organization, there exists a communication gap between the superiors at the top of the hierarchy and their subordinates at the bottom of the ladder. In effect, conveying ideas about fixing problems that may occur on the street level may be delayed. Continuity of workforce: According to a 5 year employee of Kyle Hughes, Coke has a frustrating high turnover rate of retraining, averaging about 1, 600 sessions per annum. A PESTLE analysis will be done for a more understanding of the external environment of coca-cola. This will specifically look at how other external factors such as political, economic, social, technological, legal as well as environmental affect coca- cola. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT OF COCA-COLA, USING PESTLE ANALYIS The analysis of coca-cola, using the PESTLE cannot be duly separated because these factors are inter-locked, and as such, a development in the environment, could affect the economic situation and as such call for political decisions to be taken, and vice versa. The political aspect of PESTLE looks at what is happening politically in the environment, the constraints the government has imposed or is likely to impose in future, Morrison, J.(2006:30) This may also include tax laws, trade restrictions, government reforms and tariff. According to a report on Guardian of August 7, 2006, government policy affected coke in Guyarat, Madhya, Pradesh and Rajas in India as the selling of coke was banned in government offices and educational institutions which was estimated to deprive coke of a potential market of 30 million house hold. The above assertion cannot be delinked from the environmental factors in which, it was perceived that the presence of coca-colas plant in perumatti in the southern Indian state of Kerala had brought untold hardship to the host community as it was estimated that coca-cola uses an average of 1 million liters of water for its production on daily basis, thereby bringing about drinking water scarcity in the area. This according to the Guardian report, the waste sludge from the cleaning of its bottles was also seem by local farmers as detrimental to their farm lands as it was perceived to contain high levels of lead and cadmium. And lead according to Paul Brown; an environmental correspondent, in Guardian of 25th July,(2003), is particularly bad for children, affecting their nervous system and cadmium if taken up by plants, is toxic to the kidneys and liver and can cause cancer. In the light of this therefore, the government resolved in public interest, not to renew its license which we ca n see has a political undertone. The economic aspect looks at what is happening within the economy, example, economic growth/decline, interest rates and inflation rates, etc.albeit, there has been an economic recession, coca-cola has been making constant profit as can been in the recent fourth quarter report that was published in some periodicals. Profit- $6.82bn ( £4.36bn) for 2009- a rise of 17% on the previous year Sales increase: 4% on coca-cola, 10% cokes zero brand 55% profit and 5% global sales. (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8506495.stm) and Net operating revenue-:5%,$7.51 billion topping analyst forecast of 7.22 billion. (http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/10/business/10coke.html) PORTERS FIVE COMPETITIVE FORCES Another strategy used by coca-cola to monitor its environment is the use of Michael Portes five theories. Michael Porter (1980) considers the external factors, that can impact upon an organizations competitive positioning, and thus identifies five competitive forces that govern the rule of competition and how the rules prevail in any organisation , both at home and at the global market.A comprehensive understanding the nature of each of these forces gives organisations the necessary insights to facilitate them to create the suitable strategies to be successful in their market. Porter further suggested that the relative strengths of these forces also determines the intensity of competition.These five forces are: Threat of new entrants; threat of substitutes/ replacement products; bargaining power of buyers; bargaining power of suppliers, and rivalries between firms of the same sector. THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS Considering the brand loyalty, economies of scale, access to channels of distribution, etc, which coca-cola has acquired over the years, there is little or no threat for its products from new entrants into the non-alcoholic beverage sector. In the light of this, Coca-cola is place in a good competitive position. THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES/ REPLACEMENT PRODUCTS: Bargaining Power of Suppliers This is very low for coca-cola considering the fact that there are variety of sources from which it can source inputs from. In other words, the supplier chain for its raw materials is reliable, fast, and prices are negotiable. THREAT FROM COMPETITION Coca-cola is a matured and dominant player in the worldwide soft drink industry , with a strong brand loyalty. Albeit, there exist the cola wars, between coke and Pepsi, both of them basically share the entire soft drink market, making use of harsh marketing, advertising and promotion tactics and this often lead to hampering profits between the two soft drink war-lords. HOW DOES COCA-COLA MONITOR ITS EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT? An understanding that coca-cola does not operate in a vacuum has made it to continually scan its environment in order to find out or foresee likely environmental threats and thus develop appropriate responses to them. This has helped it to take advantage of its opportunities, and minimize threats and again, determines how it will achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. Certain models and frameworks that can be used for this purpose includes: Scenario planning, customer surveys/ opinion polls, bench marking, among others. Customer Surveys /Opinion polls: This is a strategy coke uses to find out the opinion consumer have about is products or other changes especially as it concerns its activities and those of its competitors. Over the years, coca-cola and Pepsi have been locked in fierce battles, sometimes described as the cola wars Shimp, T.A (2007:43). One sensational battle began in 1975 when the traditional coke was tested against Pepsi.( ibid) The result gotten informed a change in the cokes formula for more sweetness, the result was that the folks who liked old Coke went crazyso crazy that the Coca Cola Company decided to bring it back as Coke Classic. (http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-3961611.html) Scenario Planning: Scenarios are realistic descriptions of the organisations possible futures that allow the scenario team to set aside its individual and organisational assumptions about how the external environment will operate and explore new ones (Ralston, B.2006:141) Coca-cola is constantly aware of the link between its strategy and the changing future, thus, itself for the ifà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦then probable future. This is exemplified it its mission statement, thus: the world is changing all around us. To continue to thrive as a business over the next ten years and beyond, we must look ahead, understand the trends and forces that will shape our business in the future and move swiftly to prepare for whats to come. We must get ready for tomorrow today. Thats what our 2020 Vision is all about. It creates a long-term destination for our business and provides us with a Roadmap for winning together with our bottler partners (http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/ourcompany/mission_vision_values.html) Benchmarking is the comparison of performance in one organisation or part of an organization against that in another, with a view to finding ways of improving performance. (Needle, D.2004:433) This avails the company the opportunity to take corrective measures actions. Recommendation It is recommended that coca- cola should take immediate action to launch and promote environmental impact assessment of locations before citing their plants for operations.coca-cola should also The International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA) defines an environmental impact assessment as the process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating the biophysical, social, and other relevant effects of development proposals prior to major decisions being taken and commitments made.[1]

Comparison Between Centralized and Distributed DBMS

Comparison Between Centralized and Distributed DBMS 1- Comparison between centralized and distributed DBMS: There are many aspect that let us make a comparison between centralized and distributed DBMS: Database management system is any software that manages and controls the storage, the organization, security, retrieval and integral of data in a specific database, whereas DDBMS consist of a single database that is divided into many fragments. Each fragment is integrated on one or more computer and controlled by independent database (DBMS) (Connolly Begg, 2004). In centralized DBMS the data is distributed across the network computers, and the data is stored on many sites and under the management responsibility of DDBMS. But in the DBMS data is stored and controlled in a central site. Both of DDBMS and centralized DBMS provide the access to database using the same interface, but for this function centralized DBMS faces less complication than DDBMS. For distributing data over network we can use replication or fragmentation. The objective of replication and fragmentation is to make a transparency of this allocation to make the details of implementation hidden on users. In centralized DBMS is not need to make transparencies. In DDBMS design we can find three issues which are not in centralized DBMS design. These issues are: How to split the database to fragments, and fragments to replicate, and in which locate we can find these fragments. Consequently, centralized DBMS is less sophisticated than DDBMS because it not supports the organizational structure of todays widely distributed enterprises, and DDBMS more reactive and reliable (Blurtit, 2010). 2- Advantages of DDBMSs The DDBMS have many advantages over DBMS. We can gather them in the following points: Reflects organizational structure: We can distribute the data base over any organization offices which has distributed locations Improved shareability and local autonomy: Users can use the data of other sites, which mean the data can be near of the users who use it. Also by this way the data can be controlled by the user. Improved availability: Unlike centralized DBMS, the failure at one site or link of communication makes only some parts of system inaccessible, which means the entire system is still working. Improved reliability: The replication system make the data exist in many site. So this insures the possibility of accessing to this data if there is any failure happened. Improved performance: We can improve the accessing speed to data base if we use remote centralized database. Also, there may not be same conflict for CPU and using the services, like DBMS. Economics: For making the organization systems more cost-effective to obtain separate computers, DBMS allows us to create systems of smaller computer, its power equal the power of one large computer. Modular growth: This one refers to the flexibility of DDBMS, where we can add a new site without any affects on the operation of other sites. 3- Disadvantages Complexity: The features of DDBMS like replication, availability flexibility make the implementation of DDBMS more complex than centralized DBMS. Cost: The cost will increase due to the complexity in DDBMS than centralized DBMS. It requires the maintenance and additional hardware to create a network between the posts. Security: Unlike centralized system, access to data not only has to be secured, but the entire network also has to be made secure. Integrity control more difficult: In a DDBMS, the costs of processing and communication that we have to make to implement integrity constraints may be prohibitive. Lack of standards: Despite there is effective communication when we use DDBMS, There are no methodologies or tools to assist users convert a centralized DBMS into a distributed DBMS. Lack of experience: Unlike what we have with centralized DBMSs, still our experiences are lack in industry of DDBMS. Database design more complex: The design of DDMBS is more complex than centralized database, because the data fragmentation has to be implemented in this design, and also data replication, and fragments allocation to specific sites 4- Possibility of using the replication server: The replication is a mechanism enables the companies to provide their users accessing to current data at the time they need it (Connolly Begg, 2004). The DreamHome company can use the replication server to enhance the dealing with requirements, because if it want to make any updates to a replication object at one site are will be applied to their copies at all other sites. Furthermore, replication server enables the company users to replicate many objects, such as the tables and Functions and Procedures, Indexes, Views and Object Views, Packages and Package Bodies and so on (Urbano, 2003). Implementation of replication server can be useful. Because by it users can transfer data to any local site needs it. And the company can insure availability of data and applications at all the time. Companies can insure that important applications are available at all times. Also, replication server allows any user access to its data from distance (DCI, 1996). So that it is possible to use server of replication in this company. Finally the recommendations that we can give this company are Its better to implement DDBM to manage the data of this company. If this company use same operating system like Windows or Linux, it is better to integrate Homogeneous DDBMS, because, Its design is easier than heterogeneous DDBMS, as well as data managing, also It helps the company to add new sites to DDBMS. As well as It allows augmented performance by using the parallel processing capability of multiple sites (Edward, 2007). References Blurtit, d. (2010). Ask it answer it. Retrieved April 11, 2010, from blurtit: http://www.blurtit.com/q828920.html Connolly, T. M., Begg, C. E. (2004). Data base solution. A step by step guide to buildind database . England: Pearsoned. DCI, D. (1996). Replication, The Next Generation of Distributed Database Technology. Retrieved March 13, 2010, from DCIs Event Central: http://www.dciexpo.com/geos/replica2.htm Edward, C. ( 2007, Novamber 05). Distributed DBMS Concepts and Design. Retrieved March 13, 2010, from SJSU Department of Computer Science: http://www.cs.sjsu.edu/~lee/cs157b/fall2003/Edward_Chen_Chapter%2022.ppt. Urbano, R. (2003). Oracle Database Advanced Replication. Oracl.

Cultivating Entrepreneurial Mindset And Skills Commerce Essay

Cultivating Entrepreneurial Mindset And Skills Commerce Essay Entrepreneurship is not merely starting a new venture, it is a mindset. It requires a certain level of skills to be an entrepreneur. Some people are born with this mindset, others hone their skills and attitude through education. In the present scenario, the aim of education is to attain a job in a reputed company with a hefty package. Education is ending up with a good placement. After placements there are two possibilities. Either the student does not get the desired job or he does not fit into the criteria of the organisation. Any of these situations leads into unemployment or dissatisfaction from job resulting into frustration and suppression of the skills of the student. The need of the hour is to imbibe attitudinal traits of positivity, motivation, innovation, open-mindedness, telescopic vision and a balanced approach towards life. These are the traits of an entrepreneur. An entrepreneur is a person who can face challenges, a risk-taker, a decision-maker, an innovator, a visionary, a leader, one who can build consensus and lead from the front. We need employees, who have this attitude, so that they can fit in the structure of an organisation, who can make a strong foothold with their work, who can turn the tables in their favour, who are passionate and dedicated towards their work and who have the courage and determination to face what may come. Such employees are an asset to and add to the growth of the organisation they are associated with. Moreover, if such individuals setup their own ventures, they add to the overall growth of the economy of the nation. As is well known that the MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) sector forms the backbone of any economy, the development of this sector will result in the propulsion of the economy. Whether it is an employee or the owner of a business, the existence of entrepreneurial mindset and skills is a requisite. This can be a hereditary trait or can be developed through apposite education. If the education system develops this attitude and skills in the students, they can change the face of the earth with their innovative ideas and vigorous energy. This puts an added responsibility on the management institutions which are at the core responsible for teaching management skills to the students. The management institutions and the faculties need to create an environment which is suitable for the next generation entrepreneurship crop. The right platform and environment can help the students develop entrepreneurial mindset and skills that will enable them to be better employees and owners of businesses. The hidden talent and skills of the students needs to be identified and honed to perfection. The management course should not only teach the skills of managing a business but a lso cultivate the desired attitude and mindset leading to change in overall persona of the student. ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA As is rightly said, necessity is the mother of all invention, in India basically we have need based entrepreneurship. The examples are numerous; from the known faces of Dhirubhai Ambani, Indra Nooyi to unknown faces of Remya Jose for the foot pedal washing machine, Sheikh Jabbar for the geared rickshaw, Raghav Gowda for innovating the milking machine, Ashok Kumar for the tea making machine, Balram for remote controlled burning of crackers, Usman Shekhani for bamboo peeler, Appachan for tree climbing apparatus, Md. Saidullah for the amphibious bicycle, and many more. Mahendra Singh Dhoni (Captain Indian Cricket Team), Kishore Bayani (Future Group), Sabeer Bhatia (Hotmail) and Anil Agarwal (Vedanta) are entrepreneurs in their own settings. All these people, whether they are owners of big successfully running businesses or are into occupation or are sportsmen or are from rural backgrounds with not even basic academic credentials, have similar traits like innovation, leadership, courage, guts, determination, ideas, execution, self-belief, hard-work and the desire and passion to translate their dreams into reality. The small and middle enterprises set up by the entrepreneurs form the backbone of the economy. According to a report Empowering SMEs for Global Competitiveness released by Small and Medium Business Development Chamber of India, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a vital role for the growth of Indian economy by contributing 45% of industrial output, 40% of exports, employing 60 million people, create 1.3 million jobs every year and produce more than 8000 quality products for the Indian and international markets. SMEs Contribution towards GDP in 2011 was 17% which is expected to increase to 22% by 2012. There are approximately 30 million MSME Units in India and 12 million persons are expected to join the workforce in the next 3 years. SMEs are the fountain head of several innovations in manufacturing and service sectors, the major link in the supply chain to corporate and the PSUs. By promoting SMEs, the rural areas of India will be developed. SMEs are now exposed to greater opportunities than ever for expansion and diversification across the sectors. Indian market is growing rapidly and Indian entrepreneurs are making remarkable progress in various Industries like Manufacturing, Precision Engineering Design, Food Processing, Pharmaceutical, TextileGarments, Retail, IT and ITES, Agro and Service sector. The government of India is taking efforts to promote entrepreneurship. Following are some initiatives taken by the Government of India, Entrepreneurship cell in various educational institutions and universities of India Aim of the E-cells is to guide and motivate the students towards developing entrepreneurship skills They organize panel discussions, conferences, workshops, lectures, camps and competitions periodically to generate awareness about entrepreneurship Helping budding entrepreneurs during their start-up phase by mentorship programs Channelizing creative ideas to successful ventures Organizing annual events like Global Entrepreneurship Summit, Ventura Networking with investors to provide opportunities for viable projects and industry to provide them experience and ability to face the challenges Case studies, interactions with alumni entrepreneurs and business plan competitions Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India (EDI), Ahmedabad, promoted in 1983 by All-India Financial Institutions viz. IDBI Bank Ltd., ICICI Ltd., IFCI Ltd. and SBI with active support from the government of Gujarat. It is a national resource institution committed to promoting entrepreneurship through education, research, training and institution building. The organisation believes that entrepreneurs need not necessarily be born but can be developed through well conceived and well directed interventions. They provide learning programmes, various courses related to entrepreneurship development and provide support for research activities in entrepreneurship. They aim to empower rural artisans, rural industries and village cluster industries. They provide gender sensitization training for personnel of corporate sector to promote women entrepreneurship. Apart from the government agencies, there are other organisations that are working to promote entrepreneurship. Some of them are as follows: TiE, The Indus Entrepreneurs, an association of venture capitalists that was founded in 1992 with the aim of fostering entrepreneurship globally through mentoring, networking, and education. They have various programmes like TiE Young Entrepreneurs (TYE) program and TiE Womens Forum. It is spread over 14 countries. They provide one-on-one mentoring from successful business owners. TiE has chapters in India in cities like, Ahmedabad, Chennai, Bangalore, Chandigarh, Bhubaneswar, Chandigarh, Coimbatore, Delhi, Hubli, Hyderabad, Kochi, Pune, Patna, Kanpur, Jaipur and Nagpur. The chapters of TiE are customized based on the need and requirement of that region. National Entrepreneurship Network (NEN), an initiative of Wadhwani Foundation, is a non-profit organisation established in 2003 has a mission to create and support high-growth entrepreneurs, driving job creation and economic growth in India. NEN was co-founded by IIT Bombay; IIM Ahmedabad; BITS, Pilani; SP Jain Institute of Management Research, Mumbai; Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore. NEN is a community of new and aspiring entrepreneurs and has a base of 70,000 members in 30 cities. It provides support to budding entrepreneurs through entrepreneurship education, access to mentors and experts from industry, access to incubation, funding, learning material and tools. About 470 top-tier institutes in India are partners with NEN to facilitate in development of entrepreneurial mindset and skills on campus. It also runs Entrepreneurship Week India, an entrepreneurship-awareness campaign. These organisations are working towards developing entrepreneurial mindset and skills of students in colleges, universities and various other institutes. They are providing on campus support through collaboration with various universities, colleges and institutions and helping students directly or indirectly to develop entrepreneurial mindset and skills. The increase in the number of these organisations and appropriate dissemination of information will greatly help in the development of the required mindset. These organisations have to reach small cities and touch the students at the grassroot level. IMPORTANCE OF ENVIRONMENT To evaluate the importance of environment let us look all around us and observe nature. The seeds of a plant find their way to soil by various mechanisms and wait in dormant stage for the rains and the right temperature. The seed waits for the right environment and then sprouts. All seeds of a plant are similar, but the once that get the right environment flourish, the rest shrivel. It is all about the right kind of environment that nurtures the plant. Nature gives suitable environment. In a forest all the activities take place in perfect symphony, nature does the balancing act. In animal kingdom, the colony and social interaction of ants is a classic example of how nature teaches them to live and work together. Similarly, honey-bees with their Queen bees, drones and worker bees work in perfect synchronization with each other. Nature teaches them to survive, grow and develop. The team spirit of dolphins, the love and anger of monkeys, all is naturally learnt by nature. Human-beings are also natural learners. We have also learnt so many things from nature, for example, invention of injection has taken inspiration from biting of mosquito. The art of Kungfu has been developed from actions of our daily lives. We made urea, artificial fertilizer by taking inspiration from the nodules of leguminous plants that bind nitrogen to provide natural fertilizers to the plant. Similarly, Appachan could innovate the tree climbing apparatus because of the environment he lives in and Md. Saidullah could make the amphibious bicycle because he wished to meet his love who stayed across the river and he didnt like to wait for the boat. Entrepreneurship is innate. This is true but this is also equally true that entrepreneurship can be cultivated by the right environment and need. In the examples stated above, nature has given an environment to the persons. They did not have any academic credentials to boast of, neither they had the resources for research, but then also they were able to innovate because nature gave them the environment and generated the need for innovation. Moreover, human brain is the most fertile on earth that is always overflowing with ideas. Innovation, out of the box thinking has brought us from the Stone Age to the techno savvy age. Whatever technology is today is due to the innovations of yesterday. Nature relates to management science. Just as nature provides the environment for innovation, similarly we can create an artificial environment for cultivating the mindset and skills imperative for entrepreneurship. We need to apply it in education. The management institutions and faculties need to generate entrepreneurs. Everything can be learnt by giving the right kind of environment. The combination of right time, right environment, right place and right person can only bring about true entrepreneurial success. The fact of need based innovation does not only hold true in rural settings. Entrepreneurs like Sabeer Bhatia (Hotmail), Steve Jobs (Apple Computers), Steve Wozniak (Apple Computers), Buchheit (Gmail), Max Levchin and Peter Thiel (PayPal) also have done innovations when they got the right environment (case studies in Appendix 1). It is prudent to note that many of them did not have the required skills of their jobs and businesses but they had the right environment and so they learnt the skills and developed entrepreneurial mindset and became successful entrepreneurs. After reading these case studies we realize that we are all capable of training ourselves provided we get the right kind of environment and have the motivation to do something. ROADBLOCKS AND CHALLENGES In India students have a misconception that by scoring higher percentage by any means will result in better job opportunities. Students link percentage directly with intelligence and job prospects. In practical life, this is not true. The biggest challenge is the attitude of the student. The students generally have the IKIA (I Know It All) attitude. They are not exposed to the real working scenario in industries and corporate sector. The students in undergraduate and post-graduate courses believe that getting a descent placement is the end all and be all of education. The importance of attitude building is not understood by the students. Moreover, they pose a high degree of resistance to change. Neither they wish to change their perception nor do they wish to improve themselves in attitude. Their passive behaviour makes it difficult for any entrepreneurship related activity or program to make an impact on them. There are various stages in entrepreneurship namely, idea, innovation, prototype, finance, resources, consent and then commercial production. A person cannot be equally knowledgeable in all the fields, he / she can have expertise in one field and may be lacking in others. We need to device a methodology that caters to all the aspects of a personality to carve out a perfect entrepreneur. Timely dissemination of information is not done. The information about government schemes, activities and events related to entrepreneurship, initiatives by venture capitalists do not reach the students at the proper time. The absence of adequate and timely financial aid, inadequate capital and knowledge, dearth of suitable technology, struggle with the production capacity, unsuccessful marketing strategy, identification of new markets, limitations on modernisation expansions, non availability of skilled labour at affordable cost, support of various government agencies to solve problems etc. prove to be roadblock for the budding entrepreneurs. Lack of awareness about schemes, government policies, loan methods, bank schemes, legal processes, paper work, documentation, etc. make the students hesitant and scared in taking up steps to establish their own venture. Students do not have any idea about these issues. They should be aware about these issues and should have knowledge of these sectors. This will give them the required base for decision-making. As is rightly said, knowledge is power. We need to give them the environment that equips them with tools, knowledge, and awareness and gives them the confidence to take effective decisions. Sanctioning of loans, long and tedious procedures, requirement of venture capitalists, guidance, trademark, patent and copyright related issues, research and development, society support, support from government departments, banks and other financial institutions and corporate sector are factors that prove to be handicap in development of entrepreneurial skills and mindset. The major ingredients for success in developing entrepreneurial mindset are need, opportunity, desire and passion. Figure 1 SUGGESTED METHODOLOGY In education sector we have variety of students available and wide range of education institutes are available to cater them. Students studying in colleges are at the best level of understanding as they wish to grow higher in life. If job-oriented environment is provided to them then the students will consider job as their final objective. If the environment of entrepreneurship is provided then entrepreneurs will be generated. It is imperative that cultivation of entrepreneurial environment is done to prepare a breed of students with entrepreneurial skills and mindset. To develop or cultivate mindset of an entrepreneur in education sector, we have three stakeholders majorly, students, management institutions and faculty associated. We have variety of students available with different mindsets, coming from different educational backgrounds like science, arts, commerce, engineering, management, etc. They have different understanding of the subjects. Faculties are at the grass root level who know and understand their students. The management institutions provide facilities and resources for the generation of desired environment. Together they can create an environment fertile for the development of seeds of entrepreneurship. They can have the entrepreneurial workshops in their institutes, seminars related to the creativity and innovation, guest lectures by successful entrepreneurs, associations with organisations like TiE, EDI, etc., develop E-cells in their institutes, etc. For financial facility they can have National and Pvt. Banks along with venture capitalists. All the above mentioned methods are being followed by many colleges. These methods are general methods that will make the student aware of the skills and attitudes and will also help to cultivate them. But, none of these methods is parametric, none of these methods measures the presence or lack of the traits on a certain scale and none of these methods is individualistic in nature. We need a method that precisely delivers the information about the measure of each and every trait in each individual and has person specific methods to enhance the desired traits. Each individual is different and so the methods applied for the development of attitude and skills should also be different. When the attitude and skills of entrepreneur are developed then only mindset will cultivate. The power of skills, knowledge and the right tools promote the development of the right mindset. Such methods are used in army training camps and entrance tests conducted for army wherein each skill of an individual is tested on a scale by using various forms of assessment techniques. For developing entrepreneurial mindset, the education sector will also have to develop such a rigorous and accurate method for measuring each skill and attitudinal trait. The suggested methodology is, Develop innovation and creativity. Give the students some situations to think upon. Use simulation and case study methodology. For example, divide a batch of 60 students into groups of 10 students. In each group put them into a situation / task and silently observe them through glass walls or CCTV cameras. Record the full session for future reference. Identify the behaviour of each student according to entrepreneurial skills, for example, extrovert, introvert, team-member, initiator, motivator, leader, etc. Out of these 6 groups, we have approximately 10-15 students who are highly motivated, extrovert with leadership skills and rest of them having average or below average skill set. The next task after identifying skills of each group or person is to device methodologies to work upon and improve the skills upto the optimum level. The sessions need to continue with different kinds of situations / tasks so that different behavioural aspects of the individuals are visible. Introduce them to different sectors and situations, expose them to live projects and assign exercises that would find the loop holes. This will help in identifying the potential personality traits like leadership, team-spirit, initiative, team-builder, team-member, thinker, moderator, marketer, etc. Next, we have to develop the traits into more specific traits. The recordings should be done of each session to measure the change in bahavioural pattern of each individual and the group as a whole. After achieving the optimum level, students are having greater acceptability and better understanding. Continue the segmentation process / funnel process for choosing students. The refined ones will be segregated from the rest. Device specific methods to deal with each segmented group and each member of the group. Finally, the last lot will be remaining. Give them such an environment that they will also be motivated to think like the successful ones, the forerunners. After getting at optimum level, throw the light of knowledge of each and every aspect of entrepreneurial development like financial part, Research and Development, marketing, government grants and schemes and legal issues like trademark, copyright, patent, successful entrepreneurial theories, etc. A person after knowing all aspects of entrepreneurial development can have a better stand from traditional entrepreneur. The traditional entrepreneur have the hidden talent, they are able to discover only one talent and not able to polish all skills. In the modern entrepreneur, we are touching and polishing all skills and giving the right kind of environment to develop. This methodology is a systematic psycho-analysis based methodology for better and deeper understanding of a persons skills and attitudes. By using tools like: Test series Interview Role play Real life situations Story writing Essay writing A concept wherein the individuals each action, word and emotion is being monitored (as in Big Boss) Lecture Meditation Picture Analysis Mind games Perception Handwriting Analysis Games that force us to think out of the box, best possible ways to do things and develop alternatives. The main processes of this methodology are Identifying Segmenting Targeting. The major part of the study is governed by perception and assumption of the observer about the participants. Any false negative and false positive perception would lead into wrong decisions. As a result, we could skip the deficient skill in a person and result in incorrect stress on other skills that require less attention. We are performing 10-12 tests on an individual in a group with numerical tabulated results, then further discerning the overall trait score by applying appropriate statistical measures. This kind of approach would result in unbiased opinion about the entrepreneurial mindset of an individual. Figure 2 FUTURE The suggested methodology needs to be experimentally tested at school and college level. More and more researchers need to come forward to take up this study to add and extend it. Government and private agencies should support such experimental studies so that we can generate refined individuals with entrepreneurial skills and mindset. This methodology will yield into highly motivated, energized, aware and knowledgeable individuals who are capable to cater the needs of the society and will form the backbone of Indian economy. Development of such mindset will result in faster growing economy with more business opportunities flourishing. Our dependency on MNCs will shrink and we will be a self-sustained economy. The right mindset of the youth has the power to make India a super-power. CONCLUSION This research paper analyses the entrepreneurial mindset in India and suggests a novel methodology to create an environment of entrepreneurship. This study needs experimental base and needs time to set standards. It needs equal contribution from students, faculties and management institutions. After successfully completing the study, we have clear-cut demarcation of skill of each individual with an idea and scope of improvement in each each individuals skill. Then we can concentrate on each skill of each individual for improvement.