The Question Of Human Existence - 1776 Words

The question of human existence is a lingering theme in modern philosophy. This controversial inquiry has led philosophers on tangents about whether or not the mind is separable from the body. Renà © Descartes, often referred to as the father of modern philosophy, first questioned this idea. The 17th century French philosopher stood out for being an intense rationalist. Rationalism is the belief in knowledge by thinking reasonably, rather than emotionally. In a time when many philosophers backed up their arguments with religion, Descartes trusted in nothing more than logic. Due to rapid new discoveries in science, that were proving many old theories to be wrong, Descartes believed philosophy needed a fresh start. This fresh start would†¦show more content†¦Descartes decides to try to build his foundation on this notion of ridding himself of bias opinions and allowing himself to fall into a whirlpool of doubt. He receives this idea by reminiscing on past beliefs that he once believed were right, but are now proven to be wrong. For example, children believe in Santa Claus, but later find out that he is not real. Descartes’ goal was to find something he could deem as undoubtedly true. To do this, he set up three ways to doubt that will help discover if we indeed exist. On his quest for certainty around the question as to whether we exist, Descartes began by observing that our human senses are deeply unreliable. He begins by stating, â€Å"Surely whatever I had admitted until now as most true I received either from the senses or through the senses† (60). He then goes on to say, â€Å"However, I have noticed that the senses are sometimes deceptive; and it is a mark of prudence never to place our complete trust in those who have deceived us even once† (60). His aim in this argument is to show that our knowledge through the senses is open to doubt because in the past our senses have fooled us. Descartes, living in the time of booming m odern science, observed that our senses have been wrong countless of times. For example, many believed that the earth was flat due to our sense of sight. One could not see past the horizon, therefore the earth must be level with our eyesight. Science then proved this

Natural Philosophy in Islam - 775 Words

This is the awakening of a new era in natural philosophy supported in the Islamic empire that affects social structures, cultures and attitude towards learning. One may ask, how do the features of my society explain its achievements in natural philosophy? And, how did Al-Kindi and Averroes change the course of history in natural philosophy? While it seems like the days of enlightenment in natural philosophy have slowed as a result of upheaval in kingdoms because of warfare and economic collapses in Europe and the Middle-East. However, circumstances are less severe in Islamic empire that now stretches from North Africa and Spain to India. In the discussion of natural philosophy credit goes to the influential works of Aristotle and Plato,†¦show more content†¦174) says, â€Å"Mathematics became essential for a wide variety of commercial, legal, and governmental purposes. One of the great discoveries in mathematics is â€Å"the creations of ‘0’ a number that had never existed before instead â€Å"0† meant absence of numbers.† (Lecture notes, January 10). The Islamic scholars’ contribution to natural philosophy is unique because It is said by (Lindberg, p. 165) that â€Å"this is the story of transmission of learning.† Forecast of the current Islamic educational structure shows little advancements in the future. The attitude of Islamic empire towards learning can be described as careless because lack of advancements (Lindberg, p. 175) says, â€Å"Islamic education did nothing to prohibit the foreign sciences; but neither did it do much to support them†. However, we see a different side in Europe because they have slowly begun to recover and rebuild societies. The teaching of Islamic translations and expansion of Greek natural philosophies and other Islamic discoveries are now being taught in European universities. It is safe to say Islamic contribution to natural philosophy has changed the course of history and humanity can embark on a new journey of natural philosophy and advance into theShow MoreRelatedReligious Worksheet.1034 Words   |  5 PagesUniversity of Phoenix Material Islam Worksheet 1. Explain the meaning of the name, Islam. To understand the religion Islam the most important thing is to understand the meaning of the name. As one can see that Islam is not named after a person like in Christianity after Jesus Christ. Islam is the true religion of Allah and as such, its name represents the main principle of Allah â€Å"God† religion the total submission to the will of Allah. Islam means the submission or surrender of one’s willRead MoreChristianity And Islam : The Fundamental Nature Of Knowledge, Reality, And Existence865 Words   |  4 Pagesmoral system† (Hopfe 4). Philosophy is the â€Å"study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence† (Definition of Philosophy). Sometimes religion and philosophy overlap and the border between the two becomes blurred as individuals search for meaning and fulfillment in their lives. People around the world believe they have found the answers to life’s questions in the religions of Christianity or Islam, as well as i n the philosophy of Buddhism. Although Islam and Christianity have specificRead MoreIslamic and Catholic Views on Genetic Engineering1265 Words   |  6 PagesPrimary and Secondary sources found that Gene Enhancement had no place in the religions of Catholicism and Islam; both believe it is selfish, unnecessary and unethical. It is an embellishment to human vanity and additionally, insults human integrity when the offspring is affected by the technology. (What is the Catholic view on genetic engineering? - Mary Meets Dolly. 12/ 05/ 2014.) The Catholic Church In 1983, Pope John Paul II mentioned in an address â€Å"genetic enhancement was permissible- indeedRead MoreMetaphysical Thought : Muhammad Iqbal And Character Thinking1663 Words   |  7 Pagestheories and demonstrates the phenomenon with the new theory found by the future experts. Metaphysics as an interesting phenomenon because metaphysics is always directly related to human nature in daily life. Metaphysics in Islam cannot be researched philosophically. The cause of Islam as a dictum comes from God, while science as a treasure scholar. This study uses a historical approach by focusing on biographical research and character thinking. Data collection using documentation method. The documentationRead MorePhilosophy And Philosophy Of Religion Essay1681 Words   |  7 PagesPhilosophy of religion is basically the philosophy with questions regarding the religion, the nature and the existence of god and also the religious vocabulary and texts followed by the people. The religious ph ilosophy and philosophy of religion are very different from each other, in philosophy of religion we discuss the questions regarding the nature of religion as a whole rather than seeking the problems brought by a particular religious system. In philosophy of religion we discuss the questionRead MoreFaith Diversity Essay examples1251 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract This paper will look and examine four diverse faiths: Christianity, Buddhism, Rastafarianism and Islam spiritual perspective on healing. In Christianity, prayer is a way that a person can stay healthy physically, mentally and spiritually. Health is viewed by having a strong spiritual relationship with the Lord and living ones life by the word of God. Buddhist need a balance of health both mentally and physically in order to achieve optimal health. They way that they are able to restoreRead MoreMalcolm X s Philosophy Of Black Pride, Black Nationalism, And Pan Africanism Essay1011 Words   |  5 PagesThe Autobiography of Malcolm X informs the reader about Malcolm X’s philosophy of black pride, black nationalism, and pan-Africanism. There are a billion reasons to care when it comes to a book about a human rights activist. I want to take a look at something more personal. There is always time for change. Who would have thought that a little kid from the country who bounced aro und between foster homes, detention centers, and jails would have done anything with his life? I might have guessed thatRead MoreSummary Of The Looming Tower By Lawrence Wright1574 Words   |  7 Pagesrise of radical Islam. Thesis The Looming Tower could be compared to a similar book titled What Went Wrong, by Bernard Lewis. Both helped to dissect the time and factors that led up to the radicalization of Islam and the rejection of Western modernity in the Middle East. Although these two books discussed the same issue, the perspective in which the problem was seen and dissected differs. What Went Wrong appeared to have a Marxist orientation and used material, historical, and natural forces to explainRead MoreIslamic Reform Since 9/111184 Words   |  5 Pages The religion of Islam garners large amounts attention. Many believe it is a violent and backwards religion. Since 9/11, Islamic reform has become an all-purpose phrase: equally a western impulse to protect itself from Muslim violence and a humanist notion aimed at assisting voiceless Muslims (Eteraz1). Extreme displays of Islamic faith such as the attacks on the World Trade Center on 9/11 have generated negative stereotypes about Islam as a religion. Thes e stereotypes of violence and backwardsRead MoreKashmir Conflict Between Hindus And Muslims1320 Words   |  6 PagesKashmir is the northernmost geographical region of South Asia. It borders Pakistan and India in the Himalayan Mountains. This landscape is known for its raw natural beauty and has stood out in the history and folklore of the Indian subcontinent. At one point in time, Kashmir was aptly named paradise on Earth. Kashmir excels at diversity. People from all over the world many different religious backgrounds and even more diverse dialects frequent the land. Today however, the Kashmir region is the

Smoke, Cough, Die The Case for a Federal Ban on Cigarettes

Smoking is something that millions of Americans do every day and companies profit millions of dollars every year through the sales of cigarettes, but at what cost? Five dollars a pack for a cancered lung and a heart attack. A deadly addiction comparable to heroin or cocaine, cigarettes are the only product that efficiently kills more than five million people year -- one million in the Americas-- and is still legal. The damage that it causes does not surface until years later after habitual use. The government should issue a federal ban on cigarettes because of the adverse health effects.. Smoking is a dangerous and addictive habit; each year about 440,000 people perish in the United States due to tobacco smoking (Maugh). From those†¦show more content†¦For the past few years, many people think that nicotine dependence does not begin until a few years of excessive smoking, nicotine withdrawal only happens to those who smoke at least five cigarettes a day, and the only way to combat the withdrawal symptoms is to keep nicotine in their bloodstream. Novices begin with smoking a cigarette once a day to fight the cravings and over time, the dependence grows with four to five a cigarettes a day and eventually smokers have a steady supply of cigarettes and smoke ten to twenty cigarettes per day to stop the withdrawals (Gardner). Nicotine working with carbon monoxide causes heart disease that is associated with smoking (Novick). These two chemicals together accelerate the deposition of cholesterol in arteries eventually leading to arteriosclerosis, a disease that reduces blood flow. With the blood flow weakened, supply of oxygen lacks and as this happens; the heart’s need for oxygen increases by the stimulant effect of nicotine on the rate, forces the heart to contract and the lack of oxygen damage the heart, and increases the chance of a heart attack. In addition, many of the chemicals contained in cigarettes are items that are in your house. For example, Ammonia --which is contained in tobacco smoke--, is also in toilet cleaner and it flavors and frees nicotine from tobacco turning it into a gas (Johnson). Tobacco also has Benzene, Acetone,Show MoreRelated America Needs a Complete Smoking Ban Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesApproximately 7,500 infants die due to sudden infant death syndrome due to e xposure of secondhand smoke in America (â€Å"American Lung Association†). Children all over the United States are unwillingly exposed to parental secondhand smoke in public, in cars, and at home. When children are exposed to secondhand smoke, many develop life threatening diseases later in life as a result of that exposure. In the United States, smoking should be banned while in the presence of children. Children’s lungs areRead MoreCigarette Advertising: Ethical Aspect4909 Words   |  20 PagesCourse Cigarette Advertising: Ethical Aspect December 2008 Thessaloniki, Greece Abstract The aim of the final assignment is to analyze the issue of cigarette advertising from the ethical point of view. The evidence examined basically tells about the unsuccessful restrictions of cigarette advertising. Relevant theories are applied, such as Consequentialism and Elaboration Likelihood model to make a more explicit research of the topic. The analysis part combines theory, cases, author’sRead MoreCigarette Advertising: Ethical Aspect4920 Words   |  20 PagesCourse Cigarette Advertising: Ethical Aspect December 2008 Thessaloniki, Greece Abstract The aim of the final assignment is to analyze the issue of cigarette advertising from the ethical point of view. The evidence examined basically tells about the unsuccessful restrictions of cigarette advertising. Relevant theories are applied, such as Consequentialism and Elaboration Likelihood model to make a more explicit research of the topic. The analysis part combines theory, cases, author’sRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?2214 Words   |  9 PagesThis is significant because Congress and the federal government use this law to oversee medicinal and recreational marijuana: use, distribution, and growth in the present (White House). Congress isn’t the only one that uses this act, but the DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration) follows this policy also. The DEA sees marijuana as a dangerous substance due to its severe psychological and physical dependence (DEA). This is important because federal law bans the existence of marijuana entirely, yet someRead MoreDrug Trafficking And The United States10785 Words   |  44 Pagestobacco leaves were used to make a cigarette like a drug. When one had visitors he/she used to give them these leaves which were considered to be very valuable by then (Leechaianan Longmire, 2013). In the year 1552, the church condemned the use of coca leaves that were mostly used in the United States as a stimulant. The plant was grown and leaves chewed. The church claimed that it ruined people’s health and shortened their lives. By the year 1588, tobacco and cigarette smoking distribution had increasedRead MoreThe Problem Of Drug Trafficking10787 Words   |  44 Pagestobacco leaves were used to make a cigarette like a drug. When one had visitors he/she used to give them these leaves which were considered to be very valuable by then (Leechaianan Longmire, 2013). In the year 1552, the church condemned the use of coca leaves that were mostly used in the United States as a stimulant. The plant was grown and leave s chewed. The church claimed that it ruined people’s health and shortened their lives. By the year 1588, tobacco and cigarette smoking distribution had increasedRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesRecession 21 Off Shoring 21 Mergers 22 A Look at Ethics 22 Summary 23 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 24 Key Terms 24 HRM Workshop 25 Linking Concepts to Practice: Discussion Questions 25 Developing Diagnostic and Analytical Skills 25 Case 1: Work/Life Balance at Baxter 25 Working with a Team: Understanding Diversity Issues 25 Learning an HRM Skill: Guidelines for Acting Ethically 26 Enhancing Your Communication Skills 26 ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM: Invasion of Privacy? 9 WORKPLACE ISSUES:Read More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesAmerican Statistical Association’s Joint Committee with the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics on Curriculum in Statistics and Probability for Grades K–12. In addition to her texts in introductory statistics, Roxy is also co-editor of Statistical Case Studies: A Collaboration Between Academe and Industry and a member of the editorial board for Statistics: A Guide to the Unknown, 4th edition. Outside the classroom and the ofï ¬ ce, Roxy likes to travel and spends her spare time reading mystery novels

The Crucible Analysis - 621 Words

The Crucible takes place in Salem, Massachusetts during the time of the Salem witch trials. In The Crucible, Arthur Miller uses revenge as the main theme throughout the playwright. Revenge is the action of inflicting hurt or harm on someone for an injury or wrong done to someone else. Revenge is shown throughout the characters actions in the play. Witch craft is used to represent revenge. If someone didnt like another, they could accuse that person of witch craft and inflict harm on him or her. Many characters in the play are motivated by their desire to seek revenge. During the course of the play, revenge motivates the characters and has a huge significance in the play. Abigail is major character who demonstrated the plays theme of revenge. Abigail is the niece of Reverend Parris, who is in charge in Salem. In the play, we found out the Abigail had an affair John Proctor. John Proctor is married to Elizabeth Proctor, Elizabeth is later accused of witch craft from Abig ail. Abigail accuses Elizabeth Proctor of witchcraft because Abigail feels that she should be with John Proctor and Elizabeth was the only person standing in the way of that situation. By accusing Elizabeth Proctor of witchcraft, she would no longer be in the picture, then Abigail could come in and marry John Proctor. Abigail accuses Elizabeth of witchcraft out of spite and jealousy because Abigail wants to be with John Proctor. As you can see through the course of Abigails actions,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Crucible 1296 Words   |  6 PagesCrucible Character Analysis Miah Nielsen The strength of a dying man can be found in the words, â€Å"Give them no tear! Tears pleasure them! Show honor now, show a stony heart and sink them with it!† (The Crucible, 4. 751-753). This quote is spoken directly from Elizabeth Proctor after her husband was condemning himself to hanging. This married couple faced major conflicts during this historical event in which The Crucible took place. The setting took place during the Salem Witch Trials, which was aRead MoreAnalysis Of The Crucible Essay1890 Words   |  8 PagesMy time travel experience to the 1600’s started in Paul Green Theatre as I sat down to watch The Crucible. I was joined by Reverend Samuel Parris, Betty Parris, and audience members taking up all four corners of the Parris’ upper bedroom in 15th century Salem on the center stage during Act 1. The Parris’ house filled up quickly as we saw Betty Parris bed-ridden and dealing with an illness deemed as the devil’s work by members of the Salem community. The hysteria of witchcraft spread immediately throughoutRead MoreThe Crucible Analysis740 Words   |  3 PagesThe Crucible Timed Writing - Sebastian Pardo In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, he examines in depth the way people respond to intense trials, like the title suggests, and specifically trials of morality and righteousness. Each character undergoes great tribulations, and they don’t all handle it the same way, but the one thing that affects most if not all of their actions, and in turn the story, is pride, and the negative effect it has. It is not only the driving force behind many actions, but alsoRead MoreAnalysis Of The Crucible 1324 Words   |  6 Pagesdeceit in the face of adversity is quite evident in the play The Crucible. Throughout the play various people are accused of witchcraft by community members they’ve known all their lives. The people of the village in which this all takes place are clearly divided on the issues of what is fact and what is fiction, but most are confused when it comes to who is really telling the truth. Abigail Williams is a very deceitful person in The Crucible. Abigail is the niece of Reverend Parris, a prominent leaderRead MoreThe Crucible: a Literary Analysis1275 Words   |  6 PagesThe Crucible: A Literary Analysis In 1692, Salem was populated by Puritans who believed in black-and-white lines between good and evil. The powers of darkness were real forces to them, which could wreak havoc and destruction on society if unleashed. The system of government was that God was the true leader of society, and he expressed his will through the actions of men and women. In the Old Testament, we hear stories of how God led directly through Moses; Salem, likewise, was led through men whoRead MoreAnalysis Of The Crucible 1364 Words   |  6 Pages Themes A theme in The Crucible is that a society ruled by theocracy and status based on religion is bound to fall apart. Salem s strict adherence to the Christian shurch is evident in everything the citizens do. They use measures of a person s knowledge and adherence to the religion as a means of judging their character and also their status in society. They believe God [was] provoked so grandly by such a petty cause (121), which is why the jails are packed (121). If the citizen didRead MoreAnalysis Of The Crucible 848 Words   |  4 PagesLauren Fiori Ms. Yatco American Lit. Honors October 21st, 2014 Writing from Sources In the introduction to The Crucible by Arthur Miller, Christopher Bigsby describes a crucible as a severe test and applies the definition to the play. Bigsby also expresses that the tests and trials that occurred in Salem are not restricted to this specific historical time; furthermore, these are struggles that people have faced throughout time. Betrayal, denial, rash judgement, and self justification are some ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Crucible845 Words   |  4 Pagesever-quickening race towards human extinction, you must have a certain level of security clearance. You must complete the re-souling of your host body with the installation procedure, plus many rigorous physical and psychological tests, as well as the Crucible. This is the most important of the tests. Once you have experienced it, you will never, can never, be the same person you were. We call the consciousness or the sense of self we garner from a properly functioning brain, the soul. It is what manyRead MoreThe Cru cible Analysis978 Words   |  4 Pagesthe world over Arthur Miller’s The Crucible. The Crucible is a fictionalized story written by Arthur Miller about the Salem witch trials that took place in Massachusetts Bay Colony during 1692 through 1693. From France to the broadway theaters in New York the The Crucible appears conveying its message to all who witness this piece of work. The Crucible is still one of Arthur Miller’s most produced plays today.  The Adaptations Behind The Work The Crucible is a fictionalized story written byRead MoreAnalysis Of The Crucible 938 Words   |  4 Pagesmessage is repeated in ‘The Crucible’ as many characters are challenged between telling the truth to risk their lives to keep their reputations rather than do the right thing. Whether it be, by lying about one’s action, challenging death to keep one honor and to keep one’s means of power. We have all experienced a time when we were told we aren t allowed to. If behaving or doing such acts could damage our reputation or change how people see us. Like In the story Crucible, the following quote â€Å"She

Swiss Free Essays

He was also very religious and he devoted much of his life to the Church and to the education of his children. In the eighteenth century, priest and clergymen were some of the most learned men in the country and Johann Wyss was certainly no exception. His detailed knowledge of geography, botany, and wildlife is used to great effect in The Swiss Family Robinson. We will write a custom essay sample on Swiss or any similar topic only for you Order Now Johann Wyss grew up in Bern, a peaceful and prosperous city in Switzerland. He remained in Bern for most of his adult life, apart from a brief stint as a military priest in his twenties, when he travelled around Europe with a Swiss regiment.Writing and telling stories were just a hobby for Johann. His main job was as a pastor in his home town, a job he kept for most of his adult life. In 1803, he retired to his country home in Koeniz, where he grew fruits and kept bees. The Swiss Family Robinson started life as an extended bedtime story that Johann would tell to his four sons. The famous story of Robinson Crusoe, written by Daniel Defoe in 1719, inspired Wyss’s idea of shipwrecked family – but Wyss made sure that there were parents on his island too, to instruct and guide the younger children. II. Complete Pages 72 pages Chapter 1 – page 1 – 24 Chapter 2 – page 25 – 57 Chapter 3 – page 58 – 94 Chapter 4 – page 95 – 116 Chapter 5 – page 117 – 136 Chapter 6 – page 137 – 161 Chapter 7 – page 162 – 211 Chapter 8 – page 191 – 211 Chapter 9 –page 212 – 253 Chapter 10 – page 254 – 280 Chapter 11 – page 281 – 300 Chapter 12 – page 301 – 333 Chapter 13 – page 334 – 354 Chapter 14 – page 355 – 371 Chapter 15 – page 372 – 398 Chapter 16 – page 399 – 426 Chapter 17 – page 427 – 453 Chapter 18 – page 454 – 472 III. Setting The first setting is at the middle of the sea where the ship wrecked.The second setting is at the tropical island where they take refuge and soon adapt to the environment. IV. Characters a. Father – the narrator of the story. Father is a very knowledgeable man who knows almost everything there is to know about plants and animals they encounter on the island. Although he is sometimes quite strict, he is a loving father and husband. b. Mother – a patient and kind woman who can make sumptuous meals out of almost any ingredients. On the other version of The Swiss Family Robinson, Mother’s name is Elizabeth. c. Fritz – the eldest son. Fritz likes hunting and often helps his father on trips around the island. d. Ernest – the second son. Although knowledgeable and full of useful information, he can be rather lazy – something that his father always scolds him for. e. Jack – the third son and â€Å"as active as a monkey†. When Fritz leaves for England at the end of the novel, Jack takes over from him as the best hunter on the island. f. Franz – the youngest son. Franz is often scared of some of the most dangerous parts of the island life, but grows up to be just as strong and brave as his elder brothers. g.Jenny Montrose – the only girl, apart from mother, in the novel. Fritz discovers her on a nearby island after the family have been living alone for ten years. V. Synopsis of the Plot When the Robinson family are shipwrecked on an uninhabited desert island, they find a new world of adventure and knowledge. As they learn to cope with the many problems of life on the island, they become even closer as a family. First, they must rescue as much from the ship as they can. Here, they make a mistake. They think only of the present and do not take things from the ship that will help them for the future.They do not collect enough salt, evaporated out of the sea water, and, through a long, cold, wet winter, their stored meat goes rotten. They build a tree house in the wrong place and cannot keep warm and dry. However, they learn this lesson well, and make the necessary changes to their life. They move to a cave house and collect salt, build huts and plant seeds against the privations of the next winter. They are extremely lucky with their island. It seems to have everything for their needs. Over time, they discover bamboo, plants which make paper and cloth, buffaloes, sweet potatoes and salt for preserving their food.They even find pearl-bearing oysters which they will eventually make them rich. They only thing they don’t discover is another living soul – until, that is, the eldest son goes exploring and finds another shipwrecked person on a small island nearby. Jenny was on her way to meet her father when her ship went down. But she knows her father will be searching for her and, sure enough, a ship eventually appears. Jenny and Fritz leave the island, but the rest of the family decide to stay. VI. Values Family – the family always help each other in times of danger.They are always praying together especially during Sabbath Days. Mother and Father make sure that their sons always get the right values and lessons. Home – being apart from their real home, the family treated the island as their true home. Nature – the family learned to live with nature. They discover different fruits and medicinal herbs and they catch different animals for food. They made a large tree their home. They even made a monkey as their pet. VII. Criticism/ Recommendation This novel is actually a journal of the father in the story about the adventures of his family. He started his journal from the day of the storm until Fritz left the island. For me, this novel is the perfect one for children who like adventures. It’s like an explorer’s handbook and field encyclopedia. It is full of information and techniques in times of danger. This novel also gives not only tips in survival but also values and lessons like praying every Sabbath Day, being lazy will lead you to nothing, etc. This novel shows that in every problem and struggles don’t ever lose hope. Instead, let’s just accept our challenges and let’s enjoy everything God gave us whether it is good or bad. How to cite Swiss, Papers

Application of Visa Subclass 155 Visa

Question: Describe about the Application of Visa for Subclass 155 Visa. Answer: 1. (a) Is it possible to obtain a subclass 155 visa and on what basis? Yes, there lies a possibility of obtaining a visa of subclass 155. This involves the need for provision of documents in supporting the key application for the visa. A decision will be made by the use of information for providing when the application must be lodged (Spinks 2010). This is within the interest of providing maximum information with the application. There must be provision of certified copies to present the original documents while not including original documents until or unless it is a specific requirement. The certification from police has to be consisting of original document. The documents that are not provided in English have to be in accompany of accredited translations in English (Larsen 2013). These documents will determine if the visa has to be issued or not. (b) What arguments would you present in support of the application for the subclass 155 visa? If an individual holds a visa of permanent residency in Australia, there is permission of staying in Australia in an indefinite manner. However, there is only validity of the visa as a source of entering the country for the initial five years since the date at which the visa was granted (Nasu 2008). In the typical sense, the applicant hold the requirement of spending a minimum of two years in the past five years for gaining eligibility of the visa in Australia. As an additional option, there can be suitable demonstration by the applicant with substantial ties within Australia, there has to be a specific eligibility. However, apart from additional categories of visa, there is less stringency in the requirement and there is eligibility for the visa if not meeting the basic requirements of eligibility. In the application for this visa, the key recommendation is in beginning the application at the minimum of three months prior to the key intension of travelling (Spinks 2010). There is ty pical processing of the applications much quicker, but the key recommendation is to allow sufficient time for accounting any unforeseen issues to process the specific application . (c) What is the likely visa - travel facility that the applicant would be granted in the event that the applicant was successful? The likely travelling facility from the visa is travelling overseas and returning to Australia under the title of a permanent resident. This visa is required if the period of travelling on the present permanent visa ends up expiring or is at the verge of expiring (Maley 2009). While there is validity in the facility of travelling, there can be consideration for leaving and entering Australia maximum number of times as desired. 2. What is Lindas prospects of success of applying for a visa whilst in Australia? Linda has the option of applying for a visa under the subclasses 801 and 820 that is for the partner visa. Under this visa, the de facto partner or spouse of a permanent resident of Australia is allowed for living in Australia. This has to be applied from Australia itself. There is validity of the partner visa under subclass 820 in the following cases: If the decision is made regarding the partner visa under the category of 801 subclass There is grant of another category of visa There is cancellation of the provision visa under partner sponsorship The application is withdrawn for the visa of category 801 subclass Can Linda still progress to permanent residence now that her Australian citizen husband is deceased? If so, what visa would she be eligible for? There are problems in association with all of the visas, like the time taken in granting visa, the limited available number of visas every year in accordance with the lodging of application. There is a need for providing a specific nature of evidence for the qualification of specific visas. For the purpose of sponsoring the visit of an eligible relative, there are various obligations to be complied with by the sponsor (Larsen 2013). There can be application for any permanent visa within Australia under different categories such as subclass 887, 475, 487, and 495. Can Linda get another visa to return to Australia now that the travel facility on her permanent visa has expired? Necessary assessment will be made the Medical Officer regarding if there has been meeting of health requirement. This is further relayed to the officers of Migration Regulation who take the decision for granting the visa. If there is a discovery of any health issue, officer may be waiving the requirements of health if the decision is made that no additional risks of health are there to the wider community of Australia (Nasu 2008). However, there cannot be exercising of waiver if there is consideration of any health risk by the Medical Officer. Considering the character test, it is primarily set on the basis of a test within the public interest. Every applicant having criminal records, are identified as a threat to the security of nation, or hold the potential of engaging in the conduct of crime in Australia, while failing to apply for permanent residency. Broad discretionary powers are provided to Migration Regulations for making judgment regarding the character of each and every app licant and if or not there must be granting of visa. 3. a) What is the ANZSCO code for a quantity surveyor? The ANZSCO code focuses on monitoring and estimating the costs of construction from the stage of project feasibility, by the preparation of tender, to the period of construction and beyond. ANZSCO stands for Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations. The code states the following tasks to be performed by the quantity surveyor (Maley 2009): Determine the quality standards, methods and materials of construction and draft and interpret procedures and methods of construction, plans, drawings and specifications. Organize and direct the delivery of construction related items and site labour, and establish well- detailed programs in coordinating the activities on site. Study engineering and architectural specifications and drawings for the purpose of estimating total costs and prepare detailed plans of cost and established for assisting in control of budget. b) Can Murat apply for a 457 visa as a quantity surveyor? Does Field Mine have to do labour market testing before they can nominate George for the 457 visa? The visa options in Australia for Murat as a quantity surveyor falls under the categories of subclasses 189 visa, 190 visa, 489 visa, 186 visa, 187 visa and 457 visa. For the subclass visa of 457, this is applicable for skilful temporary international workers with the involvement of three steps when an individual is working in Australia from overseas (Spinks 2010). The first step is to lodge an application of employer sponsorship in which the employer should be approving in the form of a sponsor. The second stage is to lodge a nomination of business for describing the fulfilment of position. In addition, the third stage is to lodge an application of visa. Labour market testing has to be done before they can nominate George for the 457 visa (Larsen 2013). The testing of labour market depicts that employers should seek the accessibility of programs in subclass 457 visa for testing the local market of labour for ensuring the suitably experienced and qualified permanent resident. There h as to be ready availability for filling the position. c) Does Murat need to do an English test? If so, what level of English proficiency must he achieve? Does he need to have his skills assessed? If so, by which assessing authority? The applicants of 457 visa should be undergoing the test of English language until or unless there is application of certain exemptions. Some exemptions are as follows (Nasu 2008): The applicant should be holding a passport either from New Zealand, Canada, USA, Ireland or UK The applicant should be completing education of 5 years at the tertiary or secondary level in the language of English There must be payment by the applicant for the Threshold of English Language Skills Exemption, currently which holds the value of 96,400 dollars. Since 18th April, 2015, an average score of band for majority of the tests is a key requirement along with the minimum score of band in all of the components. Previously, there was a requirement of a higher minimum score in all of the bands. The key requirement of scores for all of the tests of English are below (Maley 2009): The International System of English Language Testing (IELTS): The entire average score is five with at least a score of 4.5 in all of the bands. Occupation English Test (OET): This can be considered as a test for allied health and medical professionals. TOEFL iBT: The total score of band is 36 with a minimum of 3 in Reading and Listening and a minimum of 12 points in writing and speaking. PTE Pearson Test of English (Academic): Average score of band should be 36 with at least 30 points in all of the bands. d) The award rate for quantity surveyors in VIC is $68,500, and Filed Mine has offered to pay Murat an annual salary of $69,000. Does this meet the salary requirement for a 457 visa? The visa options in Australia for Murat as a quantity surveyor falls under the categories of subclasses 189 visa, 190 visa, 489 visa, 186 visa, 187 visa and 457 visa (Nasu 2008). For the subclass visa of 457, this is applicable for skilful temporary international workers with the involvement of three steps when an individual is working in Australia from overseas. The first step is to lodge an application of employer sponsorship in which the employer should be approving in the form of a sponsor. Exam Part 2. (a) In this situation can Annifrid obtain permanent residence in Australia? The e-Visitor visa falls under the category of subclass 651. Since recent times, certain changes have taken place in the procedures of visa that there is issue of every visa even visas for permanent residency electronically. Hence, Annifrid does have a chance by applying a visa for permanent residency until or until there is a requirement of some label. For the purpose of this application, Annifrid is required to follow a simple procedure which involves: the arrangement of main documents, choice of adequate visa, selection of occupation under the Skilled Occupation List (SOL), application in system based on points, and requirements of health and character (Spinks 2010). (b) Discuss a possible option in the family visa categories that Annifrid may be eligible for. Angetha, the sister of Annifrid, holds the Resident Return visa under the subclasses of 157 and 155. Hence, Angetha is a permanent resident already until or unless it expires, but can be renewed for confirming the permanent residence. Being the permanent resident of Australia, Angetha has the ability of sponsoring the living of her family in Australia, as in this case her sister. Being a sibling, Annifrid can consider opting for visas that include offshore humanitarian visas, carer visas and remaining relative visas. There are problems in association with all of the visas, like the time taken in granting visa, the limited available number of visas every year in accordance with the lodging of application (Larsen 2013). There is a need for providing a specific nature of evidence for the qualification of specific visas. For the purpose of sponsoring the visit of an eligible relative, there are various obligations to be complied with by the sponsor. There can be application for any perma nent visa within Australia under different categories such as subclass 887, 475, 487, and 495. There are certain basic requirements involved for meeting the application of visa. Annifrid must (Maley 2009): Gain an invitation for applying for the visa Being at the age of less than 50 years when the invitation is provided for applying Consider nominating the occupation for matching qualifications and skills and is over the significant list of skilled occupation Consider the assessment of skills by the significant authority as appropriate for the occupation nominated Have the limited scope of competent English at least Be scoring a minimum of 60 points in the test Be meeting the key requirements of health and character 2. Being the one applying for permanent residency, Annifrid must be undergoing tests on character and health as it is a key requirement within the Migration Act. Under the health test, there will be undergoing of health checks on the main applicant that will include tests of AIDS/ HIV and x-ray, along with any test necessarily deemed by Commonwealth as per the opinion of Medical Officer (Maley 2009). Necessary assessment will be made the Medical Officer regarding if there has been meeting of health requirement. This is further relayed to the officers of Migration Regulation who take the decision for granting the visa. If there is a discovery of any health issue, officer may be waiving the requirements of health if the decision is made that no additional risks of health are there to the wider community of Australia. However, there cannot be exercising of waiver if there is consideration of any health risk by the Medical Officer (Nasu 2008). Considering the character test, it is primarily set on the basis of a test within the public interest. Every applicant having criminal records, are identified as a threat to the security of nation, or hold the potential of engaging in the conduct of crime in Australia, while failing to apply for permanent residency. Broad discretionary powers are provided to Migration Regulations for making judgment regarding the character of each and every applicant and if or not there must be granting of visa (Spinks 2010). The permanent resident, Angetha, should be acting as the one responsible for sponsoring the application of visa made by Annifidi. This will require her for providing a pledge in written statement for supporting the authority of living in Australia for the initial two year. These include assistance of finance and accommodation for meeting the reasonable needs of lifestyle. References Birrell, B. (2006). Implications of low English standards among overseas students at Australian universities.People and place,14(4), 53. Jockel, M., 2009, 457 Visa Law: Addressing Australias Skilled Labour Shortage, Pyrmont, Thomson Reuters. Joppe, M. 2012. Migrant workers: Challenges and opportunities in addressing tourism labour shortages.Tourism Management,33(3), 662-671. Hugo, G., Khoo, S. E., McDonald, P., Voigt-Graf, C. (2003). Temporary skilled migration to Australia: the 457 Visa Sub-Class [This paper is part of a larger research project on temporary overseas migration to Australia, funded by a Linkage Project grant from the Australian Research Council, with the Department of Immigration, Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs as the industry partner.].People and place,11(4), 27. Hugo, G. (2008). Immigrant settlement outside of Australia's capital cities.Population, Space and Place,14(6), 553-571. Khoo, S.E., Hugo, G., and McDonald, P., 2008, Which skilled temporary migrants become permanent residents and why?, International Migration Review, Vol. 42, No.1, pp.193-226. Lehrer, J. 2008, 457 Visa Review Release, Green Left, 8 December, viewed 19 August 2009, www.greenleft.org.au/2008/777/40100 Larsen, G. 2013. The subclass 457 visa: a quick guide.Parliament of Australia. Accessed November,11, 2013. Maley, P., 2009, 457 visas `may cost local-born their jobs', The Australian, 20th February, viewed 15 March 2009, https://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,25080733-2702,00.html Nasu, H., 2008, Reform of subclass 457 visa scheme: proposal of three models, Alternative Labour Law Journal, Vol.33, No.3, pp.147-150. Spinks, H. 2010.Australia's Migration Program. Parliamentary Library.

Life Streaming and Life News for Events -MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theLife Streaming and Life News for Events. Answer: Lifestreaming is a way of filing and sharing features of an individual's day by day social incidents online such as photos, tweets, videos and documents through a particular website such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and WhatsApp. According to the Urban Dictionary, the lifestream is a time-ordered stream of records, posts, comments, pictures and videos that function as a diary of an individual's electronic existence (Urban Dictionary, 2017). Although TV life news continues to be the largely contested way to watching television, lifestreaming is slowly overtaking the fashion. Below is a chart showing the time shifted of live video and lifestreaming. According to Nielsen's report (2016, 2017), TV continues to be the most popular entertainment although individuals are spending more hours surfing the web and enjoying lifestreaming services. For this reason, a large number of homes are gradually dumping Life TV news altogether. By December 3, approximately 2.6 million households in the US use broadband only, in that they dont pick up a broadcast signal indicating a decline in TV viewing. The viewing of traditional TV is continuing its slow decline as compared to lifestreaming which is on the rise hence overtaking life TV. Lifestreaming and social networking services allow individuals to be in contact with their close friends, family members, celebrities and even politicians through the web by either using their handheld devices like mobile phones, smartphones or computers as compared to TV in which aspects viewed are selected for you. In this case, the social and professional boundary is becoming thinner since social lifestreaming offers its users with a sense of belonging and friendship while being in their respective workplaces and homes as well. Companies that provide streaming services such as Amazon, Facebook, Twitter and Netflix have benefitted from the decline in TV viewing in recent years. According to research, it indicates that approximately forty percent of families use services like Amazon and Netflix for prime instant videos and pictures up from thirty-five percent in the year 2013. Over thirteen percent of households possess multimedia devices and smart TVs such as an Apple TV to stream such content other than watching them on TV. Relatively enough, viewing of online videos and social networking services has had an increase of about 4 to 5 hours per month yearly which approximates to 11 hours and 45 minutes of lifestreaming services. Over the recent years, lifestreaming experience has led to the increase of artificial intelligence in that the websites for lifestream are easy to understand and accessible to the users. The main aim of the Semantic Web is to alter information into data for the computers and others multimedia devices to read and understand the content available. At the moment, web pages are made to be read by humans. According to Ray Kurzweil, media creation and the advancements in social life technology are changing to Technological Singularity. It indicates that lifestreaming services are slowly rising and overtaking the TV career news although, there is a connection between the two aspects in that individuals enjoy lifestreaming to share and engage with others on the trending issues on TV. The continued fast accessibility of lifestreaming activities provided users with transparent and authenticated information that inspires and even informs the user more than TV can be because it gives individuals a variety of choices such as sports, fashion and lifestyle, politics and trending issues unlike on television programmes are selected for people. According to Kevin Rose who is the founder of Digg talks about the benefits of lifestreaming over life TV news. He says lifestreaming offers people an opportunity to arrange various types of information and real life experience to the further detailed digital diary. For instance, as compared to live TV, lifestreaming allows individuals to view one's lifestream right from childhood to adulthood, and people enjoy the Lifestream to share and engage with others. Lifestreams also characterises a broad range source of information about individuals that can be excavated and identifies more traits of a person in one go. Lifestreaming also allows people to follow news and trends about the budget and other physical activities in a detailed manner than on TV. According to the Activity Theory, accessing a persons lifestream is an act of assimilation in a society in which the needs and interests of other people are perfectly observed. The rise of the personal computers and smartphones is challenging TV viewership since people prefer direct interaction with friends and family through the web directly from the handheld devices or computers than watching life TV news. In Nielsen's Total Audience Report (2016, 2017), the monthly television watching time is gradually decreasing as compared to the number of hours people lifestream in the recent years as shown in the chart below. In conclusion, individuals prefer to live the life they want the moment they want instead of waiting for something to happen on TV hence making lifestream on the rise. Currently, the number of Internet-based users outnumbers TV viewers with the increase of handheld and other multimedia devices than those of TV sets around the world. Lifestreaming on the Internet and other multimedia devices has outnumbered the TV viewers by a ratio of 4:1 (Wowza.com, 2017) hence answering the question, can life streaming overcome the viewership of TV life news? For instance, in the breaking news like the recent Manchester bombing, people consider the option of using their tablets or smartphones to see for themselves happening at the moment because maybe the TV set is not available at the moment. Some years back viewership in the social media wasvery disappointing as compared to TV viewing, but lately, lifestream is on the rising en convincingly it will overtake the life TV news. References 2016, T. (2017). The Nielsen Total Audience Report: Q4 2016. [online] Nielsen.com. Available at: https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/reports/2017/the-nielsen-total- audience-report-q4-2016.html [Accessed 24 May 2017]. Condliffe, J. (2017). Can Amazon and Twitter kill off TV by streaming live events?. [online]MIT Technology Review. Available at: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/604314/can-amazon-and-twitter-kill-off-tv-by- streaming-live-events/ [Accessed 24 May 2017]. Engestro?m, Y., Miettinen, R., Punama?ki, R.-L., International Congress for Research on Activity Theory. (2010). Perspectives on activity theory. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. Minirth, F. B., Meier, P. D., Arterburn, S. (2010). The complete life encyclopaedia: A Minirth Meier New Life family resource. Nashville: T. Nelson. Topic, M. (2012). Streaming media demystified. New York, NY [u.a.: McGraw-Hill. Urban Dictionary. (2017). Urban Dictionary: Lifestream. [online] Available at https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Lifestream [Accessed 23 May 2017]. Wowza.com. (2017). The Future of Social TV: Streaming Live TV. [online] Available at: https://www.wowza.com/blog/the-future-of-social-tv-streaming-live-tv [Accessed 24 May 2017].

Hillside veterinarian clinic marketing plan free essay sample

Evaluation of the Plan This plan has a well-developed topic, and all sections and subsections of a solid marketing plan have been completed. This marketing plan contains the appropriate measurement for the objectives the company is trying to achieve. The plan is consistent has a sense of cohesiveness throughout the sections. The plan also follows APA style formatting throughout the text body, headings, references, and tables. Overall the piece has a professional appearance with very few errors, and is logical. The plan refreshes the point and its strategic objectives. Evaluation Scale: A Excellent A) What is the target market for this plan? -The target market for this plan is for new customers, and includes families within a 10 mile radius of Wellington with small animals. B) What is the strategy Hillside Veterinary Clinic intends to use? The strategy that Hillside Veterinary Clinic intends to use is target marketing. Hillside is using this strategy because their marketing mix is tailored to fit specific target customers. We will write a custom essay sample on Hillside veterinarian clinic marketing plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page C) What are your initial reactions to this strategy? -My initial reaction of this plan is that it has a clear and concise vision of what they want to achieve. The have clear goals and contain a excellent grasp of the four â€Å"P’s†, and how they are going to implement them. Do you think the plan will be successful Why? or Why not? -I do think the plan will be successful. I think the plan will be successful because Hillsides target market is reasonable and suits their capabilities. They have clear goals and a well-planned strategy in order to achieve those goals. The company also has skilled operands that match with the operants. This company can rely on their quality of service along with their marketing plan. The two will work well, and can market organically.

Event Management Of Rio Carnival Festival Tourism Essay Essay Example

Event Management Of Rio Carnival Festival Tourism Essay Paper Introduction: The event selected in order to finish this piece of work is the Rio Carnival. This is one of the celebrated festivals and it is held before Lent and it is known as one of the biggest festival where the participant populace is more than two million in Numberss each twenty-four hours. The festival is one of the oldest 1 every bit good. Before traveling in to farther item of the event and covering the subject as of different required angles the research worker will give a brief history about event direction and the progresss which has taken topographic point with the transition of clip and debut of latest engineerings. ( Getz, 2007 ) Life is full events that are non merely interesting but full of attractive forces and escapade for the populace. There has been a batch said and discussed and largely one might happen finishs under enormous force per unit area as they are non certain how to cover by agencies of these events and salvage them as of going a touristic merchandise. In the yesteryear, major events have been victim of different unwanted actions which has non merely spoiled the image of the finish but in add-on the celebrity of the event has been affected to a great extent. In the present universe where engineering through media has covered all the amusement facets for public and public can bask the event as of the parturiency of their place merely by sitting in forepart of their telecasting sets, still the existent joy is for unrecorded amusement as public want to take part and be portion of the colourful environment which can non be captured or experienced through telecasting no affair how good they are ca ptured. We will write a custom essay sample on Event Management Of Rio Carnival Festival Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Event Management Of Rio Carnival Festival Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Event Management Of Rio Carnival Festival Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A superior quotable Event Management method offers an organisation with the aptitude to feel Events, acknowledge them, and so take on a suited control disturbance or action to avoid an happening and/or service break. Suitable activities or behaviors can consist of an action to let go of an event or to follow an event. Well-organized service processs base on the timely handling of the several activities indispensable to avoid confrontations and service outages. ( Reisinger, 2009 ) As Event Management offers the capableness to feel incidents before clip, an association can configure engineering to prolong an Event Management process to trip an event after it has been automatically noticed and be automatically allocated to the suited resolver cabal for action before any definite service break or outage happens. Using engineering to prolong an Event Management process makes it likely for a few activities to be observed by freedom which can help eliminate the demand for dearly-won and supply concentrated existent clip monitoring , whereas at the similar clip, dropping inaccessibility or down clip. Inside Event Management there are some altered sorts of events to manage which include: Normal Operation Events: These sorts of events can consist an automatic proclamation that a planned work load occupation has ended as usual or a consumer has logged into an contraption that they had the right point of admittance to, or an electronic mail has attained an awaited receiving system. Standard procedure events are important to detect since they might stand for a breach of policy or non observation to a development. ( Richards et al. , 2010 ) Exception Events: These sorts of events might consist user enterprises to entree an application with an incorrect watchword excessively many times or, a device s CPU is above an acceptable use rate or a Personal computer scan reveals the installing of improper package. ( Reisinger, 2009 ) Unusual Events: These sorts of events typically represent something unexpected and necessitate immediate notice such as server memory use within 5 % of the highest expected public presentation degree, or the decision clip of a dealing 10 % longer than normal. The cardinal point with any of these event sorts is that instant action should happen in order to either raise an incident record or a dismiss and log of the event for farther monitoring and trending. The Benefits of Event Management: By officially using these cardinal activities of an Event Management class, organisations are able to augment effectual efficiencies by going more practical at pull offing operations that cognition mistakes and service outages. In today s multifaceted IT environments, the grade of informations being produced on a day-to-day footing can be resistless plus unmanageable devoid of controlled and quotable procedures and the engineering to back up those procedures. Millions of trade s trades that rely on IT prop up are conducted every twenty-four hours. Devoid of an accepting of critical concern procedures, pull offing events turns out to be an unproductive best conjecture enterprise. ( Getz, 2007 ) An lineation of what the festival/event is: The carnival held one time a twelvemonth in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil is the for the most portion well-known party in the universe, turning year-on-year and pulling 100s of 1000s of foreign every bit good as national tourers. In the hebdomad about festival 80 % of the annual ingestion of beer is intoxicated plus 70 % of the annual tourer net incomes are composed, doubtless demoing the significance of the event cheaply? To Brazilians festival and dancing are every bit important as football, which is truly stating something! A The roots of festival: The name carnival comes as of the Latin word carnelevare intending abstention as of the feeding of meat and domestic fowl. Carnival hebdomad is held to hold by agencies of the start of the Roman Catholic period of Lent, 40 yearss prior to Easter. Lent is conventionally a period of abstention, supplication and self-evaluation for Christians and represents the 40 yearss that the Bible tells us Jesus spent in the desert defying the enticements of Satan. As the day of the months for Easter vary each twelvemonth so do those for the chief carnival weekend. There are several parades and parties by plus following the chief labeled events in the Sambodromo, some of which are free plus held in the street in assorted territories about the metropolis or as pattern weekends in the cardinal site itself. ( Dunne L et al. , 2002 ) Carnival as a celebration of music, dancing, misbehavior every bit good as extremes plus day of the months back to the ancient Roman carnival of Saturnalia which was introduced in 217 BC to raise the assurance of battle-weary Romans following overcomes by the Carthaginians. It was classically a hebdomad of feeding, imbibing every bit good as the deride turnaround of the communal order, slaves being given several farther autonomies for case Several Roman Emperors such as Augustus and Caligula tried to shorten the celebrations to 3 yearss but were met by agencies of such chaos plus were forced to go the residents to their societal assemblage. ( Getz, 2007 ) Rio Carnival today: Even though Rio Carnival may non be the lone party in Brazil, is still expensive well-known. Equally far as the participants are considered, biggest carnival in footings of member is held in Recife in the North where in 2006 1.5 million people took portion. The Rio event has developed repeatedly since its happening back in the seventeenth Century furthermore every twelvemonth it grows in size and more country and obeche schools turn out to be mixed up in the spectacle.A Blocos ( Blocks ) are bantam or in-between sized fold of instrumentalists and terpsichoreans drawn as of vicinities who parade with a disputing subject, slogan and point. They could be clothed in fiting T shirts or in excess inordinate outfit and there are now over 100 Blocos, legion of whom do non even travel away as of their street or vicinity while exposing. Hundreds of local people congregate and escort them in their difficult work. ( Richards et al. , 2010 ) Over profoundly financed obeche schools are immense groups of performing artists which participate in parade competitions in a peculiarly built Sambodromo. These schools procession held on the 4 major darks of the carnival, along with the rubric parade individual held on the Saturday dark. The official resistance can be alienated into 10 classs and a victor picked as of each distribution after being reconsidered on each of the followers ; beating set, Samba vocal, Harmony, Flow and spirit, topic of the twelvemonth, Overall feeling, Floats and props, Costumes, Vanguard group and Flag carrier. There are 4 Judgess in each group and these people sit in booths along the parade path in the Sambodromo. Great standing is awarded to the victors and the competition is taken really critically with monolithic sums of efforts, exercising and money invested. ( Reisinger, 2009 ) Entrance tickets for the Sambodromo parades are awarded and as such are dearly-won even in the low-cost bleacher seats which cost some hundred dollars. Topographic points in the VIP boxes run to 1000s of dollars as they offer the witness much more ease and handiness of installations, unfastened saloon, 3 class dinner etc. for what is a lengthy of sing. Tickets and some hotels often sell out month s in progress so if you want to travel guarantee a longer manner in progress. The stakeholders: Keeping in head the nature of the event it turns out to be clear that the stakeholders are fundamentally the tourers and local audiences that come as of everyplace to bask this event, its coloring material and the different parade and dances which are the really major portion of this festival. ( Bichou et al. , 2007 ) Social-cultural benefits and issues linked with festival: The modern universe is confronting menaces like terrorist act and mark violent death and there are many parts of the universe where the felons wait for such mega events so that they can acquire a opportunity to do harm on high graduated tables. The harm can be anything like robbing, killing and even bomb blasts which are usually the cardinal focal point for terrorists in today s universe. The community may ever experience itself at hazard during such plans and events as the ratio of offense is higher and it s hard to follow and command due to the size of event. Talking about benefits, festival like Rio brings concern to the state and enables the alien to understand the civilization of the native people. Not merely does it pull people for long clip but even in the four ( Getz, 2007 ) What tourists might comprehend as an effort to acquire closer to the reliable and to interrupt through to the back part, hosts will frequently comprehend as a misdemeanor, an violation on private and personal infinite, and these differing perceptual experiences shape the power dealingss flanked by hosts and tourers. Merely as objects are altered as they are placed in the forepart and false dorsum parts, the hosts are alienated through their functions in the concern: they become anders, person other than what they one time were. This position of how hosts and their civilization are changed allows me to turn up the cardinal impression of genuineness in the review of the touristry concern in the plants in my acquisition. The three writers portray touristry as doing those who live and work in the concern anders. Returning to the impression of forepart and back parts, so, I argue that the creative persons portray the echt back part as a infinite that has been lost or is threatened by touristry, as it is bit by bit becomes anders and is turned into a false, staged back part. The acquisition depicts touristry and its impacts as a menace, implicitly observing a failure to protect the genuineness of the back part as of touristry. Discussion on how the festival event can assist to further cultural apprehension There are many possible ways in the carnival may assist in order to further cultural apprehensions. The universe has turns out to be little small town and as a consequence people have turns out to be closer to each other with the aid of Information engineering. That is the chief cause behind the fact that people want to cognize about each other s civilization values and beliefs as they find cognizing about these cultural values really interesting. In order to acquire the cultural understandings events like The Rio Carnival plays a cardinal function as non merely the fact that its is really attractive but at the same clip it s one of the celebrated and large festival that automatically attracts the attending of people as of all over the universe and they want to cognize about it, how it started and the other linked civilizations with it. ( Bichou et al. , 2007 ) Peoples as of all over the universe as mentioned earlier fly to Brazil to bask this festival. This gives them chance to cognize about the local civilizations and the different interesting facts that may be associated with these civilizations which may change after every hundred stat mis depending on the locals of the state and different cultural beliefs which they may possess. Recommendations for extenuating negative societal and cultural impacts of the event festival Contemporary universe faces some serious menaces. These menaces can be terrorist act, robberies, violent deaths and other issues. Terrorists are ever in hunt of such festivals and societal assemblages where the figure of participants irrespective of the fact that they are performer or audience. This merely for the ground that the more large the assemblage is the bigger will be the degree of devastation which may be caused by these terrorists. Therefore, it turns out to be the duty of the event direction squad and the concerned governments to do certain that all the available latest tools and other installations like information engineering and directions and security techniques are adopted in order to do certain that the event direction is successful at the same clip is safe as of any sort terrorist activity which may do the loss of cherished lives. ( Getz, 2007 ) Decisions: Sing the elaboratenesss of IT organisations at present, there is a strong demand of all right Event direction pattern and the demand for engineering enabled processs is critical for best possible operational effectivity. The intent of an Event Management class is to perceive events of important service factors and respond immediately to direct those events. At present we want informations gathered, concurrent, processed and so analyzed as much fleetly and right as possible. Effectiveness commence with anterior readying to acquire an thought that which services are indispensable and entail supervising along with usual reassess Sessionss to maintain these regulations clear, precise and applicable. ( Reisinger, 2009 ) Technology contributes a great trade in heightening the Event Management procedure by computerising the existent procedure actions themselves ( for illustration event acknowledgment, event proclamation and automatic incident formation ) , and through analysing the consequences as of some other associated processs ( such as Configuration Management ) . Incorporation with other patterns ( peculiarly Incident Management, crisis Management, Accessibility Management, Configuration Management and Service rank Management ) is crucially important to vouch that events are handled expeditiously and that the maximal degrees of handiness and service are kept. ( Getz, 2007 )

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Free Essays on Congress Of Vienna

The Congress of Vienna in 1815 divided into many small states. Italian nationalism became a strong force in the early 1800s, when many people tried to revive Italy’s traditions. Until Count Camillo Benso di Cavour, most of the nationalists formed secret societies. Cavour reorganized the Sardinian army, and established banks. Cavour tried to reduce the political influence of the church. Giuseppe Garibaldi organized an army to liberate the King of the Two Sicilies from the harsh Bourbon king. Cavour and Garibaldi united, and Garibaldi was given financial help to liberate the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. During this process, Sardinia annexed most of the territory of the Papal States. Victor Emmanuel II was declared king of Italy. Unification was not completed until Italy gained Venetia in the Seven Weeks’ War of 1866 and when French troops were recalled from Rome. The Congress of Vienna gave Prussia much important territory. Germany’s first major step toward unity concerned the economy. Tariffs increased the price of the goods while reducing the amount sold. Prussia and many German states made up a number of treaties called the Zollverein. The Zollverein led to the spread of industrialism. Germany’s economy became dependent on The Zollverein. Otto Von Bismarck ruled Prussia over William I. He reorganized the Prussian army, and increased taxes. If Prussian parliament disagreed with Bismarck, he would simply dismiss it. Bismarck united Prussia and drove out Austria’s influence over Prussia. He did this by going to war. During a small period of time, Prussia participated in many wars where it united itself and gained land. Bismarck tricked Napoleon into declaring war on Prussia. Bismarck then used this as an excuse and converted rival German states into allies against the French. German states proclaimed a Kais er, William I. Bismarck became the chancellor of Germany. Each German state had its own ruler as... Free Essays on Congress Of Vienna Free Essays on Congress Of Vienna Essay Question: What were the goals of the Congress of Vienna? How did they approach those goals? Give good examples to get a better grade. What were the goals of the major powers at the congress of Vienna? How realistic were these goals? How will did they achieve to meet them? These question and many more was what came to my mind when the term â€Å"Congress of Vienna,† had aroused. There were four main goals for the congress to achieve. The four goals were the balance of power, the status quo, the dual revolutions, and the revolution of 1830. These four goals were excessively diverse in many ways. The first goal was to establish a new balance of power in Europe which would prevent imperialism within Europe, such as the Napoleon empire, and maintain the peace between the great powers. This was one of the realistic goals that were listed by the congress. I believe that this goals was met to be achieved and could be achievable. The congress of Vienna were thinking about the reputation of the country as well for it’s protection. The second goal was to prevent political revolutions, such as the French Revolution, and maintain the status quo. This goal may go either way. Its realistic because nobody wants to see another French Revolution ever take place again. On the other hand the congress may be doing this in order to bend the rules and regulations they want it to be. They took advantage of the information that was received in the French Revolution, in order to prevent from anything like that to happen to them. The third goal was to restore "legitimate," or traditional governments to power 2 and to prevent political revolutions. They also wanted to maintain the status quo met with partial success in the short term, but was bound to fail in the long term because it opposed the irresistible forces of historical change resulting from modernization. Those irresistible force... Free Essays on Congress Of Vienna The Congress of Vienna in 1815 divided into many small states. Italian nationalism became a strong force in the early 1800s, when many people tried to revive Italy’s traditions. Until Count Camillo Benso di Cavour, most of the nationalists formed secret societies. Cavour reorganized the Sardinian army, and established banks. Cavour tried to reduce the political influence of the church. Giuseppe Garibaldi organized an army to liberate the King of the Two Sicilies from the harsh Bourbon king. Cavour and Garibaldi united, and Garibaldi was given financial help to liberate the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. During this process, Sardinia annexed most of the territory of the Papal States. Victor Emmanuel II was declared king of Italy. Unification was not completed until Italy gained Venetia in the Seven Weeks’ War of 1866 and when French troops were recalled from Rome. The Congress of Vienna gave Prussia much important territory. Germany’s first major step toward unity concerned the economy. Tariffs increased the price of the goods while reducing the amount sold. Prussia and many German states made up a number of treaties called the Zollverein. The Zollverein led to the spread of industrialism. Germany’s economy became dependent on The Zollverein. Otto Von Bismarck ruled Prussia over William I. He reorganized the Prussian army, and increased taxes. If Prussian parliament disagreed with Bismarck, he would simply dismiss it. Bismarck united Prussia and drove out Austria’s influence over Prussia. He did this by going to war. During a small period of time, Prussia participated in many wars where it united itself and gained land. Bismarck tricked Napoleon into declaring war on Prussia. Bismarck then used this as an excuse and converted rival German states into allies against the French. German states proclaimed a Kais er, William I. Bismarck became the chancellor of Germany. Each German state had its own ruler as...

Lord of the Flies by William Golding Research Paper Example

Lord of the Flies by William Golding Research Paper Example Lord of the Flies by William Golding Paper Lord of the Flies by William Golding Paper Essay Topic: Literature William Golding was born in 1911 in Cornwall. He went to Marlborough Grammar School and to the University of Oxford where he studied literature. After University he became a teacher, but at the start of World War II Golding joined the Royal Navy. He eventually became a commander. He saw many horrific sights, which I think gave him inspiration for his writing. In 1945, Golding returned to teaching English at Bishop Wordsworths School. He stayed there until 1962, and established himself has a writer. The reason why Golding wrote Lord of the Flies is that he wanted to show what other people could do to each other. In Fable he writes, I had discovered what one man could do to another. He did not believe this before the war as he writes early on in Fable. Before the second world war I believed in the perfectibility of social man. He uses the behaviour of boys to put across, that anyone can act in this way even how innocent and helpless you are. When Jack is introduced on to the island. He immediately takes control of the group of boys. He is a megalomaniac. He uses the fact that he is head chorister to exercise authority on the island. I ought to be chief because Im chapter chorister and head boy. I can sing C sharp. However he is very irresponsible which would not be good for being chief on the island. He needs to be praised and rewarded constantly as that makes him feel more powerful. Jack is describe as being tall, thin and bony and his hair was red beneath his black cap. His faced crumpled and freckled, and ugly without silliness. Out of this face stared two light blue eyes, frustrated now, and turning, or ready to turn, to anger. This is when Jack is first introduced on the island. This is evidence that there was evil and anger in Jack already and that he was not just a boy having fun. The significance of the Mask is that, when Jack wore the mask, it hid his true identity. When Jack was behind the Mask he was free from shame and self consciousness . The Mask brings out the evil in Jack. On the Mask there are three colours, which represent this evil Red, Black and White. The mask hides the civil Jack and lets the evil Jack shine through. Bill started laughing at Jack when he had the mask on. Bill saw the evil and ran into some bushes. Jack didnt understand the power of the mask. I think he saw it as being a game. For hunting. Like in war. You know dazzle paint. Like things trying to like something else. The killing of the pig represents the turning point for Jack. Its the point in the book where Jack the young boy turns into a barbaric savage. You can cut the pigs throat to let the blood out otherwise you cannot eat the meat. After Jack had killed the pig the description of his face was bright blue eyes in this frustration seemed boiling and nearly mad. After Jack had killed his first pig, the only thing that he concentrated was hunting for the group. The chase and killing of the pig gave Jack a thrill. He also felt in control and had complete power in the situation. Things start to change rapidially on the island, their world of authority, commonsense and discipline was all about to change. Firstly the conch which was destroyed. This was a symbol of order and respect, this was introduce by Ralph and Piggy who were the sensible ones of the group. The fire was left to die out. This was a symbol of being saved from the island. When this the fire was destroyed they had lost all hope of being saved and Jack didnt really care about it. The fire was dead. Simon was murdered, he was thought to be the beast. Jacks tribe were acting like marauding savages along the beach. Jack had incited the tribe to act in this way. The tribe were excited and were startled when Simon was coming through a bush. In the heat of it all, they pounced on Simon slaying him accidentally, although I feel to Jack it wasnt really an accident, he died in cold blood. Jacks tribe stole Piggys glaces, to make a fire of their own. Piggys glaces were a symbol of responsibility and maturity. When the glaces are cracked this the responsibility and maturity is shattered. The evil in Jack had no boundaries and was invincible to some extent. He would do anything to get what he wanted. Ralph and Piggy go to Jacks tribe to retrieve the glaces. This is when Piggy is murdered by Roger again the tribe was incited by Jack. He had a boulder pushed over the cliff onto him. Just after Piggy was murdered. Jack was out to murder Ralph. Ralph hide long enough until help arrived by the adults saving them from the island. When the adults arrived on the island, he becomes his usual self. He had great respect for the adults and this I think reminded him of his civil life. The evil in him had left him and he went back to his usual self. Jack liked to hunt pigs down, he loved the chase and bloodshed. Jack wanted to hunt Ralph down like a pig. There was always evil in Jack, but being in this situation and the environment triggered it off. William Golding tells us in Fable every man is evil, but Jacks evil is showed more than the other boys. One of Jack weaknesses, which made him evil, was the first killing of the pig for he loved the chase and bloodshed of it all. The mask brings out the evil in him hiding the civil Jack and covering it with this evil. I think Jack was evil and was not just a boy having fun.

Marketing Myopia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Myopia - Essay Example A growth industry builds its success by replacing a previous utility or product and it is at risk of such same risk of replacement by future innovations. Thinking outside the box is not some initiative to make a difference or of being creative. Rather, it is a crucial component of every organization’s attempt for competitive advantage and survival. Levitt argued that there is really no such thing as a growth industry because everything works within a cyclical process. Here, an industry or a business may assume its strength because of the unchallenged superiority of the product, which displaced another that it has substituted. His evidences are legitimate and numerous. He cited the experiences of many industries that were considered boom sectors but eventually declined after several years. The cycle features organizations and products constantly replacing another because of wrong management perspective. The examples provided were the dry cleaning industry, the railroad industry and the grocery stores. Levitt also predicted that the electric utilities and gadgetry is in danger of the same trouble because technologies will then be discovered to offer newer and more efficient products. The idea is that when managers fail to think outside the box – beyond the periphery of their visions, their products tend to be swallowed by the cycle. On the other hand, once management think about the future and the decline of their product so that they are able to provide solutions and new innovations that will replace their own, competitors will have less opportunities for competitive advantage. Much of Levitt’s arguments are anchored on one simple principle – that survival for industries rests on perspectives. There are industries that are focused on their products and, hence, myopic in their management models. For example, the railroad company was focused on their product, which is the railroad. Had they opted to adopt a perspective that went beyond it, they would have thought about their business as that of transportation and, hence, was able to prevent the decline of their profits. Personally, I have experienced this myopia on account of my work experiences with three industries. For example, I worked for an Auto dealership several years ago. Now the management of this organization has been focused much on automobiles. For several months of my stay, I saw how such singularity in objective has hurt the sales of the organization. Clients are not only interested in cars but they look for things and services that go with it. For example, when sales people have everything there is to know about cars, we cannot answer questions about technology like how their mobile phones can be integrated with car accessories, for example. This is because we did not have them – no products offered beyond cars and, hence, we cannot offer services, much less the know-how. So fewer clients came to visit because we cannot offer more. The clien ts did not come because they did not want to. There was no reason to. This was also the same with some companies in the moving and storage company, which I was connected with for a time. There was a lot of opportunities either as additional services within moving and storage and related and new products and services that could have been served and provided customers the value and convenience of having many services at one outlet or in a single transaction. I can see many other industries not cited in the article that display marketing myopia. For example, there is the

Discuss the role of the Trinitarios, provide detail as to the origin Essay

Discuss the role of the Trinitarios, provide detail as to the origin of the organization, strategy-both political and military a - Essay Example According to Pons (149-150), without any foreign aid, the Trinitarios of Dominicans, headed by Juan Pablo Durate fought for Dominican independence; and the most significant move of Trinitarios was their win over Tomas de Bobadilla who was an opponent of Haitian government. The writer also says that Bobadilla’s political experience was an important factor for Trinitarios’ political strategy. The difference in opinion of Trinitarios with that of conservatives lowered their influence over the authority and they lost the power. However Trinitarios continued their effort to regain the lost power and demanded for higher ranks in the authority in order to attain the control of armed forces. Trinitarios set up their military coup and managed to establish their lost positions and power. Eventually Durate powered the control of country’s main garrison by attaining the post of military commander of Department of Santo Domingo. Following this, Durate succeeded in establishin g a new government through a series of proclamations. At the same time, there arose movements against Trinitarios and several actions to disable their power. According to Sagas and Inoa (3), the incessant efforts of Trinitarios brought forth the nation’s independence.

How does the Pentagon currently try to influence the content of Essay - 1

How does the Pentagon currently try to influence the content of Hollywood movies - Essay Example The relationship between Hollywood and Pentagon is not entirely a new phenomenon, or something dubious. The Pentagon would claim that it evolved out of a historic necessity, during the World War I when the State very much needed domestic support for the war. Pentagon in fact won with this logical premise to get license to interfere in the media industry. But now the relationship has matured and the interference has become mandatory to preserve and protect the image of the US Army, Marines and the Air Force, particularly in the wake of the US military operations after the Cold War. ‘Pentagon today sees the film business as an important part of public relations.’ Military depictions have become more of a commercial for them. Pentagon’s objectives Pentagon is not alone, many organisations like the CIA have their liaison offices in the Hollywood to influence the content of the film. But no doubt the biggest influence i that of the Pentagon’s ‘which exercises control over the films in which military are involved by providing soldiers and equipment or by refusing them.’ The Pentagon has three main objectives in trying to control the entertainment industry. The first is to teach history to the world as the United States sees it, or you can say an American version of the occurrences around the world, something like embedded reporting or embedded journalism. A real propaganda of the American policies. The second is to create a good image for the military. This includes recommendations to use sober, spruced up language, (no foul language!), no use of drugs or other unnatural or offensive behaviour.

Analysis Of The Gift Of The Magi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Analysis Of The Gift Of The Magi - Essay Example And lastly, the ending is satisfying but has failed to uplift the interest of its readers. JOURNAL ENTRY 14. AMERICAN HISTORY Like the short story â€Å"American History,† Toni Cade Bambara’s â€Å"Blues Ain’t No Mockin’ Bird† also details how its setting is essential in establishing the plot and the time frame of the story. Based on their manner of speaking, the setting may be estimated during the1950s to 60s or maybe just prior to the popularity and rise of Martin Luther King – due to the existence of a camera. A place off the countryside, some of the characters mentioned that this event took place in a county. And since there are children involved in the story, it had also probably occurred during summer or school break – where kids can enjoy the warm sun and the greenery outside their lawn. JOURNAL ENTRY 15. AMERICAN HISTORY Door of Hope for the United States Inside the door of hope for the United States are flashes of the colors b lue, white, and red – or the colors of the national flag. The color red symbolizes traumatic yet significant events like the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, the fall of the World Trade Center, and the like. Like Elena, I would continue to hope for such inevitable events that would make this country stronger, united, and hopeful that everything that happens is for the betterment of the country. The color blue symbolizes peace, serenity – that is above everything bad that is happening in the country peace will still outshine in the hearts and minds of every American hoping for a better future. And the color white symbolizes purity, cleanliness, and innocence. Despite the unending destructive events in the country, I am still hopeful that this country will be able to bring out a just, humane, and decent society, who only hopes for the betterment of the country and not the betterment of the elite few. Door The door open for Me Like Elena, I only hope that the E l Building will remain only a setting of the past and the present. Whatever the future may bring, and the course of outcome of Kennedy’s assassination and other significant events, I only hope that El Building will only be a bridge that will take me towards my dreams and aspirations towards a better life outside this suburban community. And through the El Building, and its significant lessons that has taught me, I may be able to explore the world full of hope, dream, and pride. Door of Hope for the World For the third door of hope, I would hope that the world would continue to be as blue and green as it has always been, with hardly the shades of gray, black, and red. The vast water bodies, bolstering with pride at its cool sea breeze. The green mountains and landforms, signifying the healthy state of nature – as it conquers shades of gray, black, and red or the colors of destruction, famine, and war. JOURNAL ENTRY 16. HELEN ON EIGHTY-SIXTH STREET Vita, the main charact er on Helen on Eighty-Sixth Street: Physical Attributes Vita struck me as a nerd. A girl who studies so hard that she already memorized the story of Helen of Troy and the Trojan War word for word, cover to cover. Although not explicitly mentioned, Vita may be less than physically attractive than Helen. This may have been the basis why Mr, Dodd initially chose Vita to be in the Trojan Horse. Emotional Attributes Because of the absence of her father, Vita is somehow longing for security that only a father could provide.

Freedman talk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Freedman talk - Essay Example The purpose of the speech was to warn Americans into being led to the same trap and fate for primarily analogous reasons. The distressful contents of Freedman’s speech could be interpreted differently by readers. One could immediately be swayed and convinced of the veracity and credibility of Freedman’s contentions given that he was regarded as a successful Jewish businessman with inside connections to Jewish organizations and famous American leaders of his time. However, some people would still regard his arguments as merely preposterous due to the antithetical information, the validity of which should have set the records straight. In sum, Freedman’s speech gained notoriety and controversy in terms of the delicate nature of the information he revealed. By pinpointing the major tragic events to the Khazars, a warlike tribe, who supposedly carries the commitment to provoke chaos with their communal interests for economic gain, readers would continue to reflect on his credibility and his inner personal or professional purpose for the discourse. Freedman’s speech would continue to be a subject for literary

Healthcare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Healthcare - Essay Example In most cases, long-term care offers services to the older population since in most hospitals around the world they are the majority who stays longer in hospitals. The most common forms of long-term care are formal, and informal. Patients acquire these services either in hospitals or in their houses. With much changes taking place in long-term care services, administrators face tougher challenges that requires them to bring fresh skills to their jobs. Short-term care services are those that patients are given for a short period. They cover a wide range of services that help individuals, and their families to acquire convenient emergency care from the comfort of their homes. Sometimes elderly patients receive health care services from houses that are comfortable fully furnished. This is different in comparison to long-term care, which mainly takes place in hospitals (Kovner, 2009). The administrative concerns that one would have as a manager are such as the meals that the patients will be taking, the cleanliness of their rooms, and supervising how the service providers handle the patients. It is good to recommend the executives to improve more on their managerial skills and that of customer relationship management since this will help them know how to deal with both their patients, and employees. The recommendation for the team is to work towards offering care facilities in the hospitals. Nova Scotia. (2007). Dispute resolution in healthcare and community services collective bargaining (including acute, long term, and continuing care as well as ambulance services): Discussion paper. Halifax, N.S.: Nova Scotia, Environment, and

Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Analysis Techniques

Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Analysis Techniques The oxford dictionary defines a risk as a situation involving exposure to danger. In business, an occurrence is said to be risky if it has the probability of an adverse outcome. Others words typically used in association with risks are words such as hazards and threats. In most cases, were mitigation controls are not implemented, a risk could result in the loss of financial or material assets, or more critically, it could lead to loss of life. Organisations therefore need a technique to assist in the identification and classification of risks; hence the relevance of Risk analysis. Risk analysis assists in defining preventive measures to reduce the probability of identified threats occurring. Information Technology (IT) managers are able to add value to organisations by using the principles of risk analysis to ensure that businesses remain existent in the face of a risk. The risk analysis process involves three processes: Hazard identification, Risk assessment and Risk evaluation. Hazard identification is the process of identifying undesired or adverse events that lead to the materialisation of a hazard []. Risk assessment is the process of determining the size and magnitude of a risk. Finally, Risk evaluation is the process of assessing the risk in terms of its significance, gravity, or seriousness. [] Mathematically, the risk equation can be expressed as: Risk = (Impact * Likelihood) or Risk = (Probability * Likelihood) [] Impact measures the level of loss to the organisation. Loss can either be financial or operational and Likelihood measures the probability of feeling the impact. Risk Assessment Methodology Risk assessment is the systematic evaluation of the likelihood of an adverse effect arising from exposure in a defined population. The focus for IT security managers is risk assessment that is geared towards meeting the confidentiality, Integrity and Availability of information resources []. Risk Analysis Techniques Risk analysis techniques can be broken down into two broad methods: Qualitative Risk Analysis and Quantitative Risk Analysis. Regardless of the technique selected by an IT security manager, an understanding of the organisations process assets i.e. how risks were handled in the past, the scope of the project in question and plans that have been put in place to manage risks have to be clearly defined. Qualitative Risk Analysis Qualitative risk analysis involves the use of relative concepts to determine risk exposure [] thereafter, a relative classification system is employed where risks are classified as high, medium or low []. Qualitative risk analysis allows IT managers perform systematic examinations of threats and risks to the organisation. It also provides the opportunity for a review of proposed countermeasures and safeguards to determine the best cost-benefit implementation []. Using this technique requires IT managers to develop a scope plan, assemble a quality team, identify threats and prioritise threats. Advantages of Qualitative Risk Assessment Technique: Ease of calculation: when compared with quantitative technique, performing calculations using a qualitative technique is relatively simple. Monetary value of assets does not need to be determined: to perform a qualitative risk assessment, IT managers dont need to come up with a monetary value assets identified during the initial asset identification phase. It is not necessary to quantify threat frequency: because this technique does not require complex calculations, IT managers do not have to quantify the number of times a certain threat is likely to It is easier to involve non-security and non-technical staff: though it is important to select as risk assessment team members, this technique does not require that selected team members consist solely of technical members. Flexibility in process and reporting Drawback of Qualitative Risk Assessment Techniques Below is a discussion on the drawbacks of qualitative risk assessment techniques Qualitative techniques are subjective in nature- i.e. rather than relying on statistical data or evidence for its results, it is dependent on the quality of the risk management team that created it. The Cost-benefit analysis technique which assists in justifying the need for investing in controls is not used in qualitative risk assessment. It does not differentiate sufficiently between important risks. Attributes of Qualitative Risk Assessments: Qualitative risk assessment techniques offer a relatively faster process when compared with quantitative techniques; its emphasises are on descriptions as against statistical data, as such, teams members need not be overly technical to take part in a qualitative analysis process. In addition, values from a qualitative risk assessment are not actual values. In other words, they are perceived valued. Finally, its findings are simple and expressed in relative terms understandable by non-technical people therefore requiring little or no training before its results can be understood. Qualitative Risk Assessment Tools / Techniques: A number of tools are available for carrying out qualitative risk assessment a few of them are discussed below: Probability and impact matrix: the probability and impact matrix illustrates a risk rating assignment for identified risks. Each risk is rated on its probability of occurrence and impact upon objective. Risk probability and impact assessment: using this tool involves the risk analysis team rating the projects risks and opportunities []. Ishikawa (Fishbone cause and effects diagrams): the cause and effect diagram can be used to explore all the possible or actual causes (or inputs) that result in a single effect (or output). This tool can be used for identifying areas where there maybe problems and to examine causes of risks. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA): the FMEA method starts by considering the risk events and then proceeds to predict all their possible effects in a chart form. [] Quantitative Risk Assessment IT security managers as decision makers are susceptible to biased perception. as such, they require a means of accurately determining risks such that potential risk factors are not overlooked this hence the need for quantitative risk assessments. Quantitative risk analysis generally follows on from the qualitative risk analysis process. It aims to numerically analyse the probability of each risk and its consequence on the project objectives as well as the extent of overall project risk. Quantitative Risk Assessment Techniques In quantitative risk analysis processing, techniques such as Monte Carlo'[] and Bayesian simulations can be employed because they provide indispensible tools to the risk assessment team. These tools assist the team in determining the probability of achieving a specific project objective. They are equally used to quantify the risk exposure for the project and determine the size of cost and schedule contingency reserves that may be needed. Additionally, they identify the risks which require the most attention by quantifying their relative contributions to project risk. Advantages of Quantitative Risk Assessment Using quantitative assessments IT managers are able to present the results of risk assessment in a straight forward manner to support the accounting based presentation of senior managers. [] As results are statistical in nature, it aids in determining whether an expensive safeguard is worth purchasing or not. The process requires the risk assessment team to put great effort into assets value definition and mitigation as a result; its results are based substantially on independently objective processes and metrics. Finally, carrying out a quantitative risk analysis is fairly simple and can easily follow a template type approach. Drawbacks of Quantitative Risk Assessment Calculations involved in quantitative risk assessments are complex and time consuming. Its results are presented in monetary terms only and as such, may be difficult for non-technical people to interpret. The process requires expertise so participants cannot be easily coached through it. Impact values assigned to risks are based on opinions of participants.[] Attributes of Quantitative risk assessment Accuracy of results from quantitative risk assessment tends to increase over time as the organisation builds historic record of data while gaining experience. Results generated from a quantitative assessment are financial in nature, making quantitative techniques useful for cost benefit analysis. Quantitative Risk Assessment Tools Decision Trees Analysis: the decision tree is a useful tool for choosing an option from alternatives. It is used to explore different options and the outcome of selecting a specific option. Sensitivity Analysis: This technique is used to determine the risks which are likely to have the highest impact on the project. In sensitivity analysis, the effect of each risk is examined while keeping all other uncertain elements at baseline values.[] Striking a Balance As already highlighted above, both approaches to risk management have their advantages and disadvantages. Certain situations may call for organisations to adopt the quantitative approach. Conversely, smaller organisations with limited resources will probably find the qualitative approach better fitting. Furthermore, in selecting a risk analysis technique, IT security managers should select a technique that best reflects the needs of the organisation. The decision on which risk analysis technique to use should depend on what the manager is attempting to achieve. It is this suggestion of this paper that an integration of qualitative and quantitative risk analysis techniques be adopted by IT security managers to create a more comprehensive analytical approach. This can be understood as a Hybrid Risk Analysis Approach. Capturing risks and selecting controls are important, however more important is an effective risk assessment process establishing the risk levels. Before an organisation can decide on what to do, it must first identify where and what the risks are. Quantitative risk analysis requires risk identification after which both qualitative and quantitative risk analysis processes can be used separately or together. Consideration of time and budget availability and the need for both types of analysis statements about risk and impact will determine which method(s) to use.[ ]